Abstract

家榆是典型的风播植物, 在科尔沁沙地可以形成单一优势种林地。通过对林缘和孤立树不同方向从树基部向外的有序取样与林下和林窗的随机取样调查, 分析了家榆林下和林窗不同生境的种子沉降和幼苗分布特征、林缘和孤立树种子散布方向的差异性与规律性。结果表明, 家榆种子密度在林下生境阴坡和阳坡明显大于丘顶和丘底, 在林窗生境丘顶明显大于丘底。家榆向周围不同方向种子散布的距离和累积数量均有较大差异, 其中林缘和孤立树均以当地多逆风频率的西南方向最近, 累积数量也最少;孤立树以多顺风频率的东北方向最远, 累积数量也最多。林缘和孤立树共6个方向断面从树基部向外单位面积种子数量频度均适合于韦伯分布和对数-正态分布(<em>X<sub>(α)</em></sub><sup>2</sup><0.500)密度函数, 具有相同的种子散布格局。家榆幼苗密度在林下阴坡明显大于阳坡, 林下和林窗均为丘顶明显大于丘底。林缘19 m 内家榆幼苗呈连续分布。在科尔沁沙地, 如果不加限制或人为扰动, 家榆林不仅可以很好地进行自然更新, 而且可以在适宜的沙地生境逐渐扩大其分布空间。

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