杂交沙棘无性系子代的生长动态分析与综合评价

Abstract

以沙棘无性系子代测定林为对象，通过分析沙棘新梢和果实生长动态规律，以及杂种沙棘果实纵径、横径、果形指数、单果质量、单株产量和棘刺密度等数量性状的遗传稳定性和遗传效应，并对5个杂交种的无性系子代进行综合评价，选育最佳杂种无性系。结果表明：沙棘无性系新梢生长进程大致划分4个生长阶段，即：缓慢生长期、均稳生长期、速生期和生长停止期，各阶段的新梢生长量存在一定差异，但生长趋势基本一致；沙棘果形指数(L/D)的变化趋势呈倒“S”型，前期下降幅度较大，中期平缓，后期中国沙棘略微上升，杂种沙棘却依然平稳生长；综合果实纵径、横径、单果质量和果柄长等数量性状，结合生态适应性、生长势和棘刺密度等指标，确定中阿4号杂交种的无性系表现最佳，单果质量与果实纵径和横径呈显著正相关，相关程度紧密，且植株生长稳定，棘刺密度最低，果粒大，果柄长，易采摘，应用前景广阔。 The progeny test plantations of seabuckthorn Clones were studied by analysis on the dynamic growth rhythm of seabuckthorn new shoots and fruits, genetic stability and genetic effects of the fruit length, fruit diameter, shape index of fruits, fruit mass, Yield per Plant and density of thorns and so on, and comprehensive evaluation of five filial generation of hybrid seabuckthorn, the superior hybrid clones were selected. The results showed that the new shoot growth process of seabuckthorn clones is roughly divided into four stages of growth, slow growth period, stable growth period, the fast-growing and the stop-growing period, there are some differences from the shoot growth of each stage, but the growth trend is basically the same; the change trend of Seabuckthorn fruit shape index (L/D) was inverted “S” type, it is down sharply at the early stage, stable at mid-stage, Chinese seabuckthorn slightly rises, but Crossbreeds is still steady growth at late stage; Chinese × Russian Seabuckthorn-4 was the best hybrid clones by synthetic analysis the quantitative traits of fruit length, fruit diameter, single fruit weight, the length of fruit stalk and the indexes of ecological adaptation, the Growth Vigor and the density of thorns. There were significant positive correlation between its fruit mass and fruit length, fruit diameter, and close relations. Moreover, it has advantages as plant growth stability, the lowest density of thorns, fruit larger, fruit stalk longer, easy to pick and broad application prospect.