松嫩平原微地形下土壤水盐与植物群落分布的关系

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 松嫩平原微地形下土壤水盐与植物群落分布的关系 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306051346 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 长春130012,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 长春130102,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 长春130102,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 长春130102,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 长春130102 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S152 基金项目: 中国科学院西部行动计划重大资助项目(KZCX3-XB3-16);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41071022);国家科技支撑课题资助项目(2009BADA3B04) The correlation between soil water salinity and plant community distribution under micro-topography in Songnen Plain Author: Affiliation: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以微域尺度不同盐渍化程度的盐渍土复区为研究区,利用典范对应分析方法(CCA)分析了不同水文年(丰水年、枯水年)土壤盐碱化指标、地表积水、不同土壤层含水率和相对高程与植物群落之间的关系。结果表明,在枯水年由于水分的减少和盐碱化的加重,稗草向虎尾草群落演替,虎尾草向碱蓬群落演替。而芦苇和碱茅群落相对稳定,只是由湿生向旱生转化,群落间演替较慢。在植物群落演替过程中,Na+(991 mg/kg)、CO32-(396 mg/kg)、EC(680 μs/cm),pH值(10)是稗草、芦苇向虎尾草和碱茅群落演替的驱动值。Na+(1570 mg/kg)、CO32-(576 mg/kg)、EC(879 μs/cm)是虎尾草、碱茅向碱蓬群落演替的驱动值。地表水的积水时间和积水深度是区分稗草和芦苇、虎尾草和碱茅生长分布的重要水文特征值。研究对苏打盐渍土区植被恢复和重建具有重要的意义。 Abstract:In this research, the relationship between soil salinity, sodicity, environment factors, and the plant community distribution under micro-topography were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis method (CCA) in Songnen Plain of China. The experiment was conducted at the Da'an Sodic Land Ecological Experiment Station of the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A representative saline-sodic area measuring 100×100 m was selected within the experimental station for soil sampling. The experimental area was divided into 10×10 m grid squares, and 40 grids were randomly selected as sampling points. The experiment was conducted during 1 May to 1 October for two different hydrological years (year 2005 is a wet year and year 2007 is a dry year). Soil salinity and sodicity parameters included soil ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, CO32-, HCO3-, Cl- and SO42-), soil salinity content (SC), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and pH. The environmental factors investigated were ground elevation, surface ponding time, surface ponding depth, and soil moistures at four soil layers (0-10, 10-30, 30-60, and 60-100 cm). Experiment results indicated that micro-topography has significant impacts on the spatial variations of soil water, soil salinity, and plant community distribution. Among the eight soil ions, CO32- showed the strongest correlation with the ground elevation. Soil moisture showed negative correlation with the ground elevation. The Suaeda glauca community is the highest salt-tolerant species and is distributed in the mound (highest elevation) of the local micro-topography, where the soil has the highest concentrations of CO32-, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. The Echinochloa crusgalli community and Phragmite Australis community are distributed in the depression of the micro-topography, where the soil has relatively higher soil moisture and lower soil salinity. The Chloris virgata community and Puccinellia tenuiflora community are distributed in the areas between mound and depression. Results of CCA analysis also indicated that under dry condition of year 2007 the plant community succeeded from Echinochloa crusgalli community to Chloris virgata community,and from Chloris virgata community to Suaeda glauca community due to the fact of decrease in soil moisture and increase in soil salt and alkali. However, the plant community distribution (Puccinellia tenuiflora and Phragmite Australis) remained relatively stable under the dry condition. The CCA analysis and variance analysis also identified the threshold values of driving the plant community succession from Echinochloa crusgalli community, Phragmite Australis community to Chloris virgata community and Puccinellia tenuiflora community were Na+ (991 mg/kg), CO32-(396 mg/kg), EC (680 μs/cm),and pH (10). Threshold values of driving the plant community succession from Chloris virgata community,Puccinellia tenuiflora community to Suaeda glauca community were revealed by CCA analysis and variance analysis to be: Na+(1570 mg/kg), CO32-(576 mg/kg), and EC(879 μs/cm). Ponding time and ponding depth were identified by CCA analysis and variance analysis to be important hydrological characteristic values of distinguishing plant distribution between Echinochloa crusgalli community and Phragmite australis community, and plant distribution between Chloris virgata community and Puccinellia tenuiflora community. Results from this research may serve as the scientific basis for the plant restoration and saline-sodic soil reclamation in Songnen Plain of China, one of the most serious saline-affected areas in the world. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献