Abstract
Vestibular neurons in the internal auditory canal are composed of afferent and efferent fibers. Vestibular primary afferent neurons have their cell somata, so-called Scarpa's ganglion cells, localized in the canal. Vestibular afferents receive afferent signals from vestibular hair cells and transmit them to vestibular nuclei and vestibulocerebellum. Vestibular afferents also receive efferent signals via axo-dendritic synapses between calyxes and vestibular efferent fibers. According to the afferent and efferent information, vestibular afferents have crucial bipolar effects both on distal and proximal synapses. In this review article, I would like to discuss the roles of vestibular neurons, including both afferents and efferents, in terms of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
