Myosin-Catalyzed ATP Hydrolysis in the Presence of Disease-Causing Mutations: Mavacamten as a Way to Repair Mechanism.

Abstract

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the most common forms of genetic cardiomyopathy. Mavacamten is a first-in-class myosin modulator that was identified via activity screening on the wild type, and it is FDA-approved for the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The drug selectively binds to the cardiac β-myosin, inhibiting myosin function to decrease cardiac contractility. Though the drug is thought to affect multiple steps of the myosin cross-bridge cycle, its detailed mechanism of action is still under investigation. Individual steps in the overall cross-bridge cycle must be queried to elucidate the full mechanism of action. In this study, we utilize the rare-event method of transition path sampling to generate reactive trajectories to gain insights into the action of the drug on the dynamics and rate of the ATP hydrolysis step for human cardiac β-myosin. We study three known HCM causative myosin mutations: R453C, P710R, and R712L to observe the effect of the drug on the alterations caused by these mutations in the chemical step. Since the crystal structure of the drug-bound myosin was not available at the time of this work, we created a model of the drug-bound system utilizing a molecular docking approach. We find a significant effect of the drug in one case, where the actual mechanism of the reaction is altered from the wild type by mutation. The drug restores both the rate of hydrolysis to the wildtype level and the mechanism of the reaction. This is a way to check the effect of the drug on untested mutations.