Myelination of the ventral and dorsal roots of the C8 and L4 segments of the spinal cord at different stages of development in the gray opossum,Monodelphis domestica

Abstract

We have quantified the number and size of myelinated fibers of the ventral and dorsal roots of selected segments that innervate the forelimbs (C8) and hindlimbs (L4) in the developing opossum, Monodelphis domestica. The gray opossum was chosen because it is born very immature and its somatomotor development occurs almost entirely postnatally. After aldehyde fixation, osmium postfixation, and resin embedding, the roots were cut transversely (1.5 pm), stained with toluidine blue, and observed and photographed by using light microscopy. The counts and measurements were made with a digitizing table. Myelination of the C8 and L4 roots begins during the second week of life and occurs according to two gradients: rostrocaudal and ventrodorsal. The number of myelinated fibers in these roots increased over approximately 7 weeks after which an excess, compared with their adult value, was recorded during the following weeks in three of the four roots. The supernumerary myelinated fibers are presumed to be collaterals. The fibers increased in diameter until at least 98 days. The classification according to size for the ventral roots (alpha and gamma) became evident in the fourth week, but that in types I, II, and III for the dorsal roots was never clear. There was no significant difference in the number and size distribution of myelinated fibers between sexes until late in development. The fibers innervating the limbs thus become myelinated postnatally in the opossum, a process that occurs over a protracted period and that continues after sensorimotor reflexes and locomotion appear adult-like.