Abstract

We shall explore a nonlinear discrete dynamical system that naturally occurs in population systems to describe a transmission of a trait from parents to their offspring. We consider a Mendelian inheritance for a single gene with three alleles and assume that to form a new generation, each gene has a possibility to mutate, that is, to change into a gene of the other kind. We investigate the derived models and observe chaotic behaviors of such models.

Highlights

  • Chaotic dynamical systems become very popular in science and engineering

  • There is no universal definition for chaos, the essential feature of chaos is sensitive dependence on initial conditions so that the eventual behavior of the dynamics is unpredictable

  • We are aiming to present some analytic results on dynamics of Vα : S2 → S2: Vα x12 x22 x32

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Summary

Introduction

Chaotic dynamical systems become very popular in science and engineering. Besides the original definition of the Li-Yorke chaos [1], there have been various definitions for “chaos” in the literature, and the most often used one is given by Devaney [2]. All examples of nonergodic QSO have been found in the class of Volterra QSO (see [10, 20, 21]) Based on these examples, the Ulam conjecture was modified as follows: any non Volterra QSO acting on the finite dimensional simplex is ergodic, that is, operators having chaotic behavior can be only found among Volterra QSO. The evolution of a mutation in population system having a single gene with two alleles always exhibits an ergodic behavior (or almost regular or almost stable). We consider an inheritance of a single gene with three alleles a1, a2, and a3 and show that a nonlinear dynamical system corresponding to the mutation exhibits a nonergodic and Li-Yorke chaotic behavior

Inheritance for a Single Gene with Three Alleles
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