MUSTAFA SHOCKAY ON THE POLICY OF RUSSIAN BOLISHEVIST CHAUVINISM IN TURKESTAN IN 20-30TH OF XX CENTURY

Abstract

After the establishment of Soviet power on the national outskirts of the Russian Empire, including Kazakhstan, the Bolsheviks and the central Soviet government were faced with a practical question of the formation and national statehood of the peoples of the former colonies in accordance with the Communist Party's policy provisions on national issues. The basic principles of national policy of the Communist Party in theory were formed by Lenin prior to the victory of the October Revolution. The main condition of this policy was the demand of the right of nations to self-determination up to separation and formation of an independent state. This way of posing the question contributed significantly to the fact that the peoples of the colonial margins generally supported the Bolsheviks in their struggle for power during the October coup. However, after the Bolsheviks seized power, Lenin did not absolutize the rights of nations to real self-determination, which implied the separation of this or that nation from Russia and the formation of an independent state, but strongly emphasized the idea that the solution of this issue should be based primarily on the interests of workers in the struggle for socialism. And this meant that the national statehood was not a state for all strata of the population, but a state of workers and peasants, i.e. a class state. Mustafa Shokay and Alash Autonomy party figures did not recognize the Bolshevik authorities. Mustafa Shokay saw the state form of resolving the national issue in the creation of the Turkestan Republic (modern Central Asia). Being in exile, he sharply criticized the Soviet transformations and neocolonial policy of the Bolsheviks in Turkestan.