Museum and Church: Interaction Problems (On the Example of a Situation of Primorsky Krai of the Russian Federation)

Introduction. The importance of the transition to the development of joint decisions by local self-government bodies in cooperation with civil society institutions within the framework of local self-government issues is due to the processes of democratization, decentralization and the establishment of "good governance". Bringing the level of participatory democracy to the level of partnership requires a completely different level of trust and the presence of a positive practice of interaction. However, under the conditions of martial law, Ukraine is faced not only with the problems of repelling aggression from the Russian Federation, but also with destructive propaganda in the conditions of incomplete decentralization and democratization reforms. At the same time, major global disruptions, including Russian aggression against Ukraine and climate change, have underscored the importance of strengthening governance in democracies – and citizens' trust in them. Based on doctrinal studies and analysis of legislation, the main groups of problems in the sphere of interaction between local self-government bodies and civil society have been determined. The purpose of the study is to highlight the actual problems of interaction between local self-government bodies and institutions of civil society in the conditions of martial law. First, problems should be systematized and grouped by content and the order and sequence of steps to solve them should be determined. Summary of the main results of the study. The current problems of interaction between local self-government bodies and institutions of a democratic society can be grouped in the following directions: 1. Low level of involvement/participation in the institutions of participatory democracy. The reasons may be a formal approach, a lack of trust and an appropriate level of interaction, which allows effective influence on decision-making by local self-government bodies and officials; 2. The need for updating and the need to eliminate gaps in the current legal acts. At the same time, local acts also need updating; 3. Typicality and pattern in relation to interaction, without considering local features. It is important to avoid "implanting" the institution of interaction through the adoption of standard documents. In terms of the investigated problem, it should be noted that many recommendations for interaction are contained in by-laws; 4. Low level of implementation of participatory participation. Certain types of participatory democracy are regulated by local acts. For example, local councils are authorized to adopt the charter of a territorial community, which establishes the procedure for holding meetings in the relevant territory, the right to submit electronic petitions, participate in elections and local referenda, etc. Conclusion. In view of the conducted research, the following problems of interaction should be singled out: low level of involvement/participation in the institutions of participatory democracy; the need for updating and the need to eliminate gaps in current legal acts; typicality and pattern in relation to interaction, without considering local features; low level of implementation of participatory participation. Each group of problems requires separate attention, and not only legal scholars. Considering the above areas that need improvement, a general strategy for the expansion and development of institutions of participatory democracy in combination with good governance and democratization should be developed. The issue of implementing institutions of participatory democracy at the "partnership" level is a promising direction for further research. We should warn against fragmentary and unnecessary changes to the Constitution of Ukraine. The full-scale aggression against Ukraine demonstrated the low level of guarantees for local self-government, and many important changes to the legislation were made already in May 2022. Of course, all this should be taken into account when developing a new draft of amendments to the Constitution within the framework of the completion of constitutional and municipal reforms. At the same time, firstly, the changes should not negate the positive achievements of the reforms, and secondly, they should contribute to eliminating the shortcomings of the local self-government reform. Updates should be balanced, sufficient and implemented only, if necessary, while maintaining the course for Ukraine's membership in the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

The thick-billed warbler (Phragamaticola aedon) is known as one of the main host species for the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) in Primorsky Krai and the environs of Khabarovsk. The interaction of these species in the middle Amur River basin is discussed for the first time. In 2013–2014, at the Khingan Nature Reserve, four cuckoo eggs were found in the nests of thick-billed warblers. There are also unpublished data on the findings of cuckoo eggs and nestlings in the nests of the thick-billed warbler from the same area. The similarity of coloring of the parasite and host eggs confirms that the thick-billed warbler is one of the main host species for the common cuckoo in the middle Amur River basin. At the same time, our observations, as well as data from other researchers, show that, in the studied area, the thick-billed warbler usually recognizes cuckoo eggs and destroys them. A description of cuckoo eggs found in Khingan Nature Reserve is given, and the problems of interactions between the nest parasite and its host species are discussed.

The development of cultural ties and cooperation between Russia and China in the field of education correlates with the current strategy of internationalization of Russian universities. Many Russian universities today tend to develop partnerships with Chinese universities. In particular, the number of Chinese students studying in Russian universities constantly increases; academic exchange programs are successfully implemented, the number of scientific contacts between representatives of universities of the two countries grows. The implementation of such cooperation is accompanied by problems of social and cultural interaction in the field of education of Russian and Chinese students. The general purpose of the study was to identify the axiological component in the interaction of Russian and Chinese students in the space of the Russian university. Chinese students who study in Yekaterinburg universities (390 people), Russian students who study/live with Chinese (500 people), 10 Chinese experts, 10 Russian experts in the field of education in Russia and China were interviewed. The results suggest that the Russian students find the values of hedonistic nature – love and pleasure – to be more important than the Chinese ones, while the Chinese students consider study and personal security to be most important (and this is determined by the goals of coming to Russia and the conditions of staying in the territory of a foreign country). Nevertheless, it cannot be said that the values of students from the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China differ radically and may interfere with the productive socio-cultural interaction between them. Besides, the great importance of such values as world peace and love of country for Chinese students can be the basis for attracting them to participate in the activities of patriotic and cultural student associations that already exist in the Ural universities. The practical significance of the results obtained is that the identified problems of socio-cultural interaction between Chinese and Russian students make it possible to develop technologies for optimizing the socio-cultural interaction of foreign students in Russian universities, which is especially important in the initial stages of their education in Russia. Among the recommendations for optimizing the process of entering Chinese students into Russian universities (in addition to Russian language classes) are joint Russian-Chinese leisure and holiday events, joint social student associations (volunteering, tourism, music, etc.), excursion programs aimed at acquaintance with the culture of the host country, the joint interaction of Russian and Chinese students in social networks and messenger apps.

Музей и Церковь: проблемы взаимодействия (на примере ситуации Приморского края Российской Федерации)

This article is aimed at considering stages and problems of interaction of different types between residents of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation at different historic periods. The authors cover the following research questions: firstly, to provide the description of stages of Chinese-Russian interaction at different historic periods, secondly, to discover the traces of economic and political cooperation between 2 countries in culture and language, thirdly, to investigate modern perception of inter-regional interaction by Russians. Three major periods can be distinguished in the history of relations between China and Russia: the period of the relation formation between the Chinese and Russian empires, the period of Soviet-Chinese relations and the modern period that began after the collapse of the USSR. Each of these periods has its own specifics, while being the basis for expanding bilateral contacts in subsequent years. Clearly, since 17th c. those three periods have differently, but constantly contributed to the mutual perception of both. During this time, between Russia and China there were periods overshadowed by confrontation and even a complete break. At the turn of the 20th-21st centuries, the parties managed to bring the dialogue to a strategic partnership. Nevertheless, among the inhabitants and the elite of Russia, a negative attitude to the processes of bilateral cooperation is also noticeable.

The subject of the study was the theoretical heritage of prominent Russian statesmen of the second half of the XIX century – Vasily Nikolaevich Leshkov (1810-1881) and Vladimir Matveevich Hessen (1868-1920). The initial position of the concepts of "public law" and "rule of law" developed by them is the thesis that in the conditions of the formation of the rule of law, it is necessary to fully develop the institution of civil society – the sphere of manifestation of initiatives of free citizens and voluntarily formed organizations. The causal relationship of the problem of interaction between the state, society and the individual is revealed; the ideas of V. N. Leshkov and V. M. Hessen about the subjects of "public law" and "subjective law" are characterized. The concepts of "public law" and "rule of law", reflected in the theoretical heritage of V. N. Leshkov and V. M. Hessen, which has not received proper understanding to date, are characterized. An assessment is given to the conclusions of V. N. Leshkov and V. M. Gessen that society is considered as the most important subject of management activity in the state. It is concluded that in the conditions of building a developed civil society in the Russian Federation, the concepts of "public law" and "rule of law" require a comprehensive analysis and clarification of their significance for the transformation of the state-legal reality of modern Russia.

The article deals with the problem of interaction between the Russian and Chinese languages in the border area of the Russian-Chinese territory (Russian Federation, Blagoveshchensk; People’s Republic of China, Heihe), where the Far Eastern variant of the Russian-Chinese pidgin is used as a means of communication. The authors analyse its grammatical peculiarities. The research of this variant of pidgin has shown that it is not so much a simplified language as the result of the significant restructuring of the two interacting languages. It originated and is used on the lexical basis of the Russian language and the grammatical basis of the Chinese language as an isolating language. This is a model of a contact language conditioned by its pragmatic function.

The paper investigates the issue of the unity of labor law in the context of development of legalization of so-called new, atypical forms of employment in European countries and their forthcoming (and partially already completed) legalization in the Russian Federation. The author has analized some negative features of atypical forms of employment, the preservation of which can threaten the unity and integrity of labor law. the paper highlights the inadmissibility of reducing the uniform standard of labor rights and focuses on problems in the institution of labour remuniration and protection. On the basis of the analysis of elements characterizing the unity of labor law, the author describes deviations from the classical features of labor relations that sometimes lead to shifting employers’ (entrepreneurial) risk on the person involved in hired labor.The author concludes that the extension of the scope of application of the provisions of Chapter 53.1 of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation (albeit in a very limited scope) to employees working in government authorities and the public sector is a very disturbing trend. Traditionally, the budget sphere is seen as low-paid stable employment. The introduction of non-permanent, atypical employment into the public sector reduces the low level of employment rights of employees in the public sector. The development of atypical forms of employment not only actively affect the informal employment sector, but also invade the field of “traditional” relations, setting incorrect directions of HR policies. In this regard, acts adopted by the legislator in the case of legalization of one of the atypical forms of employment must be strictly correlated with the fundamental principles of labor law, the concept of a uniform labor relation and basic rights of the employee, which will prevent the destruction of the unity of labor law.

<p>В статье называются проблемы взаимодействия Пенсионного фонда РФ и многофункциональных центров. Отмечается, что возникающие при этом взаимодействии проблемы негативно отражаются на качестве предоставляемых государственных услуг.</p>

The article considers the problem of interaction between jurisprudence and linguistics within their common branch of knowledge– legal technique, the principles of which are used by the legislative and law enforcement authorities of the Russian Federation in order to create and develop legal documents. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to draw the attention of scientists and lawyers to the role of linguistic knowledge in the development of the science of law and law enforcement. This topic is of particular importance in modern conditions, when the legislative sphere is forced to respond quickly to changes in the social and political situation in the country and the world. The material of the study was obtained from the works of leading legal scholars and practicing lawyers published in the "Legal Technique" journal, which is issued by the Nizhny Novgorod Research Scientific Center under the auspices of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The analysis showed that the dynamics of the interaction of linguistics and legal technique indicates an increase in employment by lawyers of the achievements of different areas of linguistics: communication theory, psycholinguistics, textual criticism, applied and mathematical linguistics, which contributes to the development of their ideas about the role of language in their professional activities.

The processes of globalization lead to a constant increase in mobility. The changing society has long ceased to be a closed and limited system of nation-states. The aim of the research is to determine the conditions of social adaptation of students in multicultural environment in the period of distance learning. The problem of finding the concept that provides adaptability and sustainability of the personality, capable of successful development and interaction in the multicultural space of the Russian university is actualized. A series of sociological studies on the problems of interaction between Russian and Chinese students in the educational space of universities was conducted. In 2016, the project «Russian-Chinese dialogue: the way to meet each other» was implemented within the Program of development of student associations’ activities supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation 2016-PSO-94 with our participation. A survey involved Chinese and Russian students from three universities in Yekaterinburg (500 Russian and 500 Chinese students participated in the survey). In 2019-2020 a survey was carried out among Russian universities according to the author’s methodology of the matrix of four bases (500 Chinese students). In 2020, we dealt with 2 focus groups with Chinese students. and administered in-depth interviews with Chinese professionals who graduated from Russian higher education (50 Chinese graduates of Russian universities). The geography of the research included the leading universities of Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk. The obtained data and coordination of the conclusions with a number of studies require creating a system for training multicultural educatorsto provide distance learning.

The article presents the role of municipalities in achieving the national development goals of the Russian Federation and the problems of interaction in this context between regional and federal authorities and local self-government bodies. The authors single out the personnel support of the municipal management level as the most important condition for the successful implementation of national development priorities.

Introduction. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the conceptual foundations of the institution of the special rules for assigning punishment and the mechanism of the interaction of those punishments. Looked at through the prism of the signs of system formation, their essence and boundaries, their legal nature and the purposes of applying these rules are made clearly visible. This study also investigates the problems of the interaction of special rules for their appointment both among themselves as well as with other structural units of the institution of sentencing. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The methods were selected based on an understanding of the goals, objectives and the object of the research. The methodological basis of the work is a set of both general scientific and specific scientific methods of the cognition of social and legal phenomena. These are the analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, system-structural, comparative-legal, historical-legal, and formal-legal methods. Results. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the conceptual foundations of the in- stitution of special sentencing rules. Their essence is revealed through the prism of system-form- ing features, their circle, content and legal nature, and the purpose of applying these rules are specified. The problems of interaction of special rules of appointment both among themselves and with other structural units of the institution of sentencing are also investigated. Discussion and Conclusion. On the basis of this study, the distinctive features of the special rules for the assignment of punishment are established, Using this, the author formulates a definition, according to which the special rules for the assignment of punishment are the rules provided for in the criminal and criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation, and which are applied by the court in the process of individualising the punishment to the guilty person. This needs to take take into account the understanding of the characteristics of the committed crime, the identity of the perpetrator and the specifics of the implemented form of criminal proceedings. Finally, a conclusion is made about the relative independence of the above rules, which is confirmed not only by their separate consolidation in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but also by the presence of iinherent features which allow them to be distinguished from general principles, principles and other rules for assigning punishment. The ratio of general and special rules is due to the specifics of the application, the interaction of the named rules, and their influence on the choice of the punishment and their functional purpose.

The World Trade Organization was created to develop and diversify world markets, establish common rules and principles for the interaction of participating countries in the implementation of trade in goods and services. Nineteen years — so much continued the period of Russia's accession to the WTO. The result of participation in this organization was a radical change in legislation concerning Russian foreign economic activity, the transformation of tariff and non-tariff methods for regulating foreign trade, the creation of new information and control centers. The article analyzes the historical features and stages of the Russian Federation's accession to the WTO, as well as the main changes in legislation, regulatory methods and forms of control related to Russia's foreign economic activity. The results of the impact of changes in customs duty rates on foreign trade turnover and, as a consequence, on the receipt of customs payments to the federal budget are summarized. The problems of interaction with the WTO member countries that exist today are revealed. The expediency of Russia's further participation in the World Trade Organization is being considered. Further directions of cooperation development corresponding to modern realities are proposed.

The article examines the features of the institution of the civil claim in Russian criminal proceedings, focusing attention on the problems of interaction between criminal-procedural and civil law mechanisms. It analyzes the regulatory framework governing the status of the civil plaintiff and identifies shortcomings in current legislation that hinder the full protection of victims’ rights. The main provisions of the article concern normative aspects determined by the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, as well as established approaches in judicial practice. The conclusion is substantiated that the formal structure of criminal proceedings does not correspond to the specifics of civil-law disputes arising as a result of criminal offences. Particular attention is paid to the allocation of rights and duties in relation to proof, and to the issue of recognizing as evidence the testimony and explanations of the civil plaintiff which, although legally significant for proving damage and its compensation, do not formally fall within the list of admissible evidence in a criminal case. Paths are proposed for improving the existing regulation aimed at simplifying the evidentiary procedure and strengthening guarantees for the protection of victims’ interests. The necessity is emphasized of harmonizing the norms of civil and criminal procedure to enhance the effectiveness of institutions protecting the rights of crime victims. Proposals are made to amend criminal-procedural law to give evidentiary value to the civil plaintiff’s explanations. The Author’s conclusions confirm the need to develop the institution of the civil claim to increase access to justice and ensure the principle of full compensation for damage to victims. Based on a study of doctrinal provisions, norms of criminal-procedural and civil legislation, and judicial practice materials, the key features and contradictions of the institution are identified, and ways to resolve them are proposed to ensure effective protection of victims’ property rights.