Abstract
A vast number of biological processes are mediated by multivalent ligand-receptor interactions, including cell adhesion, host invasion by pathogens, pathogen neutralization by host and numerous cell regulatory signaling pathways.[1] Multivalency is especially important for carbohydrate-receptor interactions: whereas individual glycans[2] may bind with low affinity to a single binding site, the clustering of glycans creates a high-avidity interaction with clustered binding sites. This “carbohydrate cluster effect”[1b] has been demonstrated experimentally with synthetic multivalent carbohydrate ligands which bind well to protein targets. These ligands have included oligo- and polyvalent clusters of glycans on diverse scaffolds, including small molecules, dendrimers, polymers and even viral capsids.
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