Multispecies colonialism: The politics of potential in the making of settler ecologies

Background The Antarctic is an extreme environment for plants. Several invasive plant species, however, have invaded the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean islands and increasingly threaten the vulnerability of maritime and continental Antarctica, particularly with changes in climate. Aims We provide an overview of issues to consider with regard to the impact, ecology and management of non-native plants in the Antarctic, focusing on knowledge gained and recent research results from the sub-Antarctic with possible application to Antarctica. Methods We provide a brief review of literature and bring together experience and previously unpublished research with Poa annua and Stellaria media on Macquarie Island. Results While no one set of biological characteristics predicts plant invasiveness in the sub-Antarctic, all are adapted to survive extreme cold conditions and persistence is enabled through large and long-lived soil seed banks. Ecological drivers for invasion include accidental human introductions and continuing movement, along with animal and other disturbance to soil. Conclusion The invasive cold-tolerant plant species now prevalent on sub-Antarctic islands also pose a threat to Antarctica due to a warming climate and so efforts should continue to prevent further spread, while developing effective, low-impact control and eradication options to protect these high-value extreme ecosystems.

A campus construction requires wide land space. It indirectly attracts people from out of town to settle around campus area for various advantageous reasons. These settlers create a variety of demands which directly and indirectly bring impacts on the increase in land demands. This causes an assumption that the land value around campus area is higher that of outside campus area. Jalan Williem Iskandar Medan is one of the streets which area can be classified into campus areas. The objective of the study was to analyze the influence of factors such as surface area, land distance from the closest campus, land form, width and contour on the land value around campus on Jalan Williem Iskandar Medan. The study applied multiple regression analysis using questionnaire data. The samples were determined by using Unrestricted Random Sampling Method which drew the samples directly from the population. This study used 86 samples distributed in the population area covering 2 (two) locations i.e. Komplek Citra Land Bagya City and Komplek Mutiara Palace Residence. It focused on the identification of the influence of factors such as surface area, land distance from the closest campus, land form, width and contour on the land value in housing complexes particularly in Komplek Citra Land Bagya City and Komplek Mutiara Palace Residence located in the campus area on Jalan Williem Iskandar Medan. The results showed that on alpha 5%, the variables such as surface area, land distance from the closest campus, land width, form and contour had positive and significant influence on the land value. Based on these results, it could be concluded that independent variables such as surface area, land distance from the closest campus, land form, width and contour simultaneously were able to describe the changes on the dependent variables such as land value, and they had significant influence on land value.

Nonnative Tamarix spp. (saltcedar) is among the most invasive and common trees along riparian habitats in the western U S, impacting native plant communities and habitat quality. Tamarix dominance causes a reduction in habitat physiognomic heterogeneity in riparian habitats. Animal abundance, diversity and habitat associations in monotypic stands of saltcedar remain largely unexplored for non‐avian communities. We sampled small vertebrate and ground arthropod communities in monotypic Tamarix stands and in mixed stands of Tamarix and native (Populus, Salix, and Prosopis spp.) trees in riparian habitats along the Virgin River in the Mojave Desert. Our survey of faunal communities suggests that many species of arthropods, reptiles and small mammals utilize both Tamarix‐dominated and mixed habitats along the Virgin River. Small mammal and lizard communities were dominated by generalist species. Mixed stands had greater arthropod abundance, lizard abundance and small mammal diversity; whereas, monotypic and mixed stands had similar lizard diversity. The habitat of mixed sites was characterized by ‘nativeness’ (areas with native riparian trees) and less ‘shady exotic thickets’ (areas with Tamarix and high overstory cover) compared to Tamarix‐dominated stands. There were species‐specific responses to habitat physiognomy. Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) was associated with shady exotic thickets. Sceloporus magister (desert spiny lizard) and Neotoma lepida (desert woodrat) were associated with native trees and woody debris. Seven rodent and lizard species’ abundances were explained by habitat physiognomy variables. Rare and specialist species were more impacted by nonnative vegetation. These results contribute to the body of research on animal utilization of nonnative habitats and relation to habitat physiognomy. Management of nonnative plants should consider how control activities could impact habitat physiognomy and native animal communities in riparian habitat.

Purpose: This paper discusses preliminary results of a study on developments in land administration information management in Rwanda and how they can support provision of reliable market data for land valuation.Design/Methodology/Approach: A desk research approach was adopted to review the land administration information system in Rwanda and the land valuation system. Relevant documents and secondary data were retrieved from Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority and the Institute of Real Property Valuers in Rwanda. The available data and documents were analyzed to find out how the existing land information system in Rwanda could support the land valuation system.Findings: The preliminary findings of this study show that despite developments in the management of land information in Rwanda, there is lack of linkage between the land administration information system and the valuation system. The land valuation system lacks the necessary infrastructure and framework to use the data available or that can be made available in the Land administration Information System (LAIS). There is need for a land databank linked with the LAIS that would provide market evidence data for valuation.Research Implications: The study has the implication for improvement of land valuation practice in Rwanda based on the developments in the land information management.Practical Implications: Market data about land is important in real estate valuation. The results of this study can be useful in establishing a databank of land sales that would provide evidence data to valuers. This would significantly reduce valuation variance and claims from the clients, especially mortgagees.Originality Values: This paper is the first of its kind to investigate how land valuation system can be developed based on the investments made in land information management system in Rwanda.

The Indonesian government has prioritized the improvement of public financial literacy amid the ongoing expansion of the financial sector. The 2025 national poll reveals a little increase relative to the previous year. Despite this progress, significant shortcomings remain, allowing illegal financial transactions to continue posing substantial risks to the public. This study aims to identify government-sponsored financial education programs and evaluate the effectiveness of various strategies in improving public financial literacy awareness. A systematic evaluation employing the PRISMA 2020 approach was performed to evaluate the educational programs enacted by the Indonesian government. Initially, 100 materials, including journal articles, working papers, research publications, e-magazines, and statistics records from 2015 to 2025, were sourced from OJK's website. The final inclusion consisted of 17 documents identified as the data sources for analysis. The documents pertinent to this study are exclusively accessible within the two-year period from 2024 to 2025. The findings indicate that the Indonesian government has executed 46,766 educational initiatives to improve public financial literacy awareness. Socialization is the most frequently implemented educational activity among the initiatives, carried out through both offline and online mediums. The distribution through digital media indicates a significant amount of published content, amounting to 50,415. Instagram emerged as the most effective channel, despite having less publications than other platforms. Ultimately, despite the growing array of educational activities, it is advisable for the government to broaden and vary its educational program techniques to enhance the overall effectiveness of financial literacy initiatives. These studies provide evidence-based recommendations to improve Indonesia's state financial education programs.

This journal article aims to review and analyze the policies that have been taken by the Indonesian government in resolving international trade barriers. We will look at how the policy is implemented, its impact on the Indonesian economy, as well as the challenges faced in the implementation process. This research uses qualitative methods with a library research approach. The qualitative method was chosen because this study aims to examine Indonesia's state policy in resolving international trade barriers thoroughly and in depth. Through this method, researchers can collect and analyze relevant secondary data from a variety of available sources, such as journal articles, books, official government documents, and international organization reports related to trade. The results of this study conclude that Indonesia's role in international trade disputes is very important in protecting national economic interests and encouraging dialogue and cooperation with its trading partner countries. Through participation in WTO mechanisms, bilateral diplomacy, and its role as a mediator, Indonesia seeks to resolve trade disputes in a manner that is fair and beneficial to all parties involved.

The Indonesian state has issued many regulations to control palm oil expansion, but they have been weakly enforced, resulting in widespread illegal plantations. During the last decade, Indonesian authorities have used force to reduce illegal plantations. This article analyses the drivers behind these actions and questions to what extent they reflect the rise of eco-authoritarianism. By investigating six cases of disciplinary action in Sumatra, we conclude that the Indonesian state is neither practising eco-authoritarianism nor constituting a green state. The disciplinary action, however, has had limited success in environmental terms due to policy incoherence, violent contestation and the sector’s historical context.

In order to identify the consumer value of agricultural land, the concept of its creation has been developed, consisting of determining the content of the category, systematizing groups of factors and conditions, describing the process and effect of the emergence of consumer value through interaction with agronomic and economic values. The conceptual and categorical apparatus has been improved by formulating the term "consumer value of agricultural land". The determinants of consumer value are grouped by the organization of production, costs, the presence of motivations on the part of the seller, the management of value formation, the advantages of purchasing a land plot, pricing, consumer finance, the infrastructure of the land market, information and communication technologies, determining the systemic effect of consumer value, making an optimal management decision. The mechanism of creating the consumer value of agricultural land is carried out with the purposeful implementation of the marketing strategy of targeting the consumer by an economic entity, which acts as agricultural organizations, peasant (farmer) farms, individual entrepreneurs, cooperatives. The consumer value of land (goods) is formed in the process of the influence of agronomic, economic values on the formation of supply and demand. The practical significance of the development is to ensure an increase in value, maximum satisfaction of the needs of market participants, balance the interests of subjects of land relations during the transaction, offer, increase the efficiency of the use of agricultural land.

This study aims to provide a clear picture of the steps (efforts) of the government of the Republic of Indonesia to provide vaccines to its people evenly and free of charge according to the standards or procedures in the Health Law which is a derivative of the constitutional mandate of the Republic of Indonesia, the research method uses normative juridical research that combines the rule of law. With law enforcement which is a regulation of the Indonesian government, the results of the study provide a perspective that various ways have been attempted by the Indonesian government to overcome the Covid-19 virus pandemic, vaccines are a continuous hope to increase immunity and immunity of community groups which will certainly have a positive impact with the release of the Indonesian state from health threats and a spike in the increase in cases during the global pandemic. The conclusion of this study is that the Indonesian government has made intensive and accurate efforts to protect citizens and build group immunity which of course has an impact on the positive possibility that the Indonesian state and nation can get out of worries due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

The Cannes Film Festival, which began in 1949, is now entering its 78th edition in 2025. The Indonesian government, through the Ministry of Culture, held a Media Briefing for the Indonesian delegation at the Marché du Film as a form of recognition of film industry players as actors of public diplomacy. This study explains that participation in international festivals is one of the efforts of public diplomacy, and the public diplomacy efforts carried out by the Indonesian government as a state actor and the Indonesian film industry players at the Cannes Film Festival 2025 as non-state actors are analysed using Mark Leonard’s three-dimensional theory of public diplomacy. This research is analysed using a descriptive research method and a qualitative approach, employing secondary data. The results of this study show that the Indonesian government and Indonesian film industry players have conducted public diplomacy through news management, strategic communication, and relationship building.

The use of a wide variety of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine, including aquaculture, has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens. In the present study, bacteria from water, sediments, and fish were collected from fish farms in Pakistan and Tanzania with no recorded history of antibiotic use. The isolates were screened for the presence of resistance genes against various antimicrobials used in aquaculture and animal husbandry. Resistant isolates selected by disk diffusion and genotyped by Southern hybridization were further screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplicon sequencing. The prominent resistance genes identified encoded tetracycline [tetA(A) and tetA(G)], trimethoprim [dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, and dfrA15], amoxicillin [bla(TEM)], streptomycin [strA-strB], chloramphenicol [cat-1], and erythromycin resistance [mefA]. The int1 gene was found in more than 30% of the bacterial isolates in association with gene cassettes. MAR indices ranged from 0.2 to 1. The bla(NDM-1) gene was not identified in ertapenem resistant isolates. It is hypothesized that integrated fish farming practices utilizing domestic farm and poultry waste along with antibiotic residues from animal husbandry may have contributed to a pool of resistance genes in the aquaculture systems studied.

This paper addresses the question of legitimacy in REDD+ governance in Indonesia. It develops a legitimacy framework that builds on elements of Scharpf (J Eur Pub Policy 4(1):18–36, 1997) input and output legitimacy concept and the political economy lens described by Brockhaus and Angelsen (Analysing REDD+: Challenges and choices, CIFOR, Bogor, 2012). Using data collected through key informant interviews and focus groups, we identify and explore stakeholder perceptions of legitimacy. The analysis reveals a complex interplay between input and output legitimacy, finding that state, non-state and hybrid actors perceive output legitimacy (i.e. project outcomes) as highly dependent on the level of input legitimacy achieved during the governance process. Non-state actors perceive proxies for input legitimacy, such as participation and inclusion of local people, as goals in themselves. In the main, they perceive inclusion to be integral to the empowerment of local people. They perceive output legitimacy as less important because of the intangibility of REDD+ outcomes at this stage in the process. The findings also highlight the challenges associated with measuring the legitimacy of REDD+ governance in Indonesia.

One of the problems that is being faced by the Indonesian state in the health sector is the illegal circulation of drugs by people who do not have the authority and expertise in the pharmaceutical sector so that it can threaten the safety of the community. To overcome this, the Government of Indonesia has passed Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, but the reality is that there is still frequent illegal circulation of G-list drugs that should be carried out with a prescription and supervision of a doctor. This research is normative research, with a legislative-legislative approach and a case approach. The results of the research are, First, that the judge's consideration in imposing a criminal verdict against the perpetrator of the criminal act of illegal circulation of G-list drugs in the Decision of the Sidoarjo District Court Number 67/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Sda, that the defendant's act of distributing G-list drugs of the Trihexphenidyl/Holi type without a permit is an act that violates Article 435 Juncto Article 138 paragraphs (2) and (3) of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. Second, that criminal liability for the perpetrators of illegal circulation of G-list drugs in the Decision of the Sidoarjo District Court Number 67/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Sda, the judge has not maximally imposed a prison sentence in accordance with the threat listed in Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health so that it does not cause a deterrent effect to the perpetrator and does not achieve the purpose of punishment, namely general prevention so that the public does not commit the same act in the future.

The movement of population was only a domestic issue of a country, but along with the number of countries that paid attention to Asylum Seekers and Refugee so that these issues become worldwide problem. In International law the existence of these refugee protected by the 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Refugee Protocol about Refugee. The Indonesian state did not ratify the Protocol so that Indonesia was not obliged to accept the asylum seekers and refugee. However, Indonesia’s strategic position makes Indonesia become a transit country for those who want to continue into the destination country. Therefore, the Government of Indonesia issued a Presidential Decree Number 125 of 2016 concerning Handling of Foreign Refugees. The problem research is how to handling asylum seekers and refugee after the publication of Presidential Decree Number 125 of 2016 concerning Handling of Foreign Refugees. This research is used empirical-normative research methods. Thus, the Government of Indonesia already has a legal basis to handle these asylum seekers and refugees. Indonesia is expected can be more instrumental in addressing the problem of asylum seekers and refugees internationally even thought Indonesia has not ratified the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol. However, in its implementation Presidential Decree Number 125 of 2016 concerning Handling of Foreign Refugees did not run smoothly. It’s because a lot of their handling has not yet referred to the Presidential Regulation.

Abstract: Islam is the most followed religion in Indonesia, making Indonesia contains the largest Muslim population of all countries in the world. However, Indonesia is not a religion state. This has become an issue in several Muslim groups in Indonesia, whether it is permissible to have a state under the Republic of Indonesia based on their beliefs. Purpose: This paper will explain the relationship between Islam and The State of Indonesia and the study of Islamic government law related to the Indonesian government. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research is qualitative. The approach used is statute, conceptual, and hermeneutics, while the assessment method used is comparative. Findings: The system of government of Indonesia has a close relationship to the principles and substance of Islamic law. Although the State of Indonesia is not an Islamic state, Indonesia is also not a secular state, which separates religion and state. From the Islamic government law’s perspective, it’s called tamyiz or proportional. Indonesia takes Islam in the principles of state proportionally. Therefore, The State of Indonesia is not contrary to the principles of Islam. Originality/value: Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the correlation between religion and the government in Indonesia. This article builds upon the earlier research conducted by other scholars. This article affirms that the Indonesian State is not in conflict with Islam.