Multi-Scale Demodulation for Fault Diagnosis Based on a Weighted-EMD De-Noising Technique and Time–Frequency Envelope Analysis

Abstract

Demodulation is one of the most useful techniques for the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The commonly used demodulation methods try to select one sensitive sub-band signal that contains the most fault-related components for further analysis. However, a large number of the fault-related components that exist in other sub-bands are ignored in the commonly used envelope demodulation methods. Based on a weighted-empirical mode decomposition (EMD) de-noising technique and time–frequency (TF) impulse envelope analysis, a multi-scale demodulation method is proposed for fault diagnosis. In the proposed method, EMD is first employed to divide the signal into some IMFs (intrinsic mode functions). Then, a new weighted-EMD de-noising technique is presented, and different weights are assigned to IMFs for construction according to their fault-related degrees; thus, the fault-unrelated components are suppressed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). After that, continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) is adopted to obtain the time–frequency representation (TFR) of the de-noised signal. Subsequently, the fault-related components in the entire frequency range scale are calculated together, referring to the TF impulse envelope signal. Finally, a fault diagnosis result can be obtained after the fast Fourier transformation of the TF impulse envelope signal. The proposed method and three commonly used methods are applied to the fault diagnosis of a planetary gearbox with a sun gear spalling fault and a fixed shaft gearbox with a crack fault. The results show that the proposed method can effectively detect gear faults and yields better performance than other methods.