Abstract
Experiments and finite element simulations for multiple impact were performed on GLARE 5-2/1 and aluminum 2024-T3. Experiments were conducted on aluminum 2024-T3 and GLARE 5-2/1 at diverse impact energies to produce BVID (barely visible impact damage) and CVID (clearly visible impact damage). The finite element model was developed for multiple impact analysis using ABAQUS software and was confirmed by comparing the finite element analysis outcomes with experimental results. The two- and three-dimensional failure criteria model was applied to predict multiple impact behavior such as load-time history, maximum deflection-impact energy history, and damage progression. In addition, a user subroutine VUMAT was created to represent a three-dimensional progressive failure and was linked with ABAQUS. FEM results showed good agreement with experimental data.
Highlights
Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are a hybrid composite material composed of metallic layers and fiber-reinforced composite laminates
The results revealed that multiple impact under lower energy and small initial impact energy can cause minor damage in FMLs
The finite element model of GLARE 5-2/1 consisted of two aluminum 2024-T3 of two aluminum 2024-T3 layers and one S2-glass/epoxy composite layer
Summary
Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are a hybrid composite material composed of metallic layers and fiber-reinforced composite laminates. In the case of GLARE, it was developed at Delft University in the Netherlands [1,2,3,4] It has been used successfully for the Airbus A380 and has shown outstanding mechanical performances compared to fiber-reinforced composite laminates or aluminum alloys [5]. Decreased dramatically [7,8,9,10,11,12,13] Despite these reasons, very few research works are found in literature that investigate the multiple impact behavior of GLARE laminates [14]. Yao et al [16] investigated the multiple impact behavior of FMLs consisting of carbon fiber-reinforced layers and aluminum sheets. ABAQUS/Explicit was applied to investigate the multiple impact behavior and failure mechanisms of GLARE and aluminum.
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