Abstract
Xanthoceras sorbifolium (yellowhorn) is an endemic edible oil crop in China. A novel Neocucurbitaria species associated with dead stems of yellowhorn in Jilin Province (northeast China) is described and illustrated. It is characterized by stromata with 1–5 locules and a subhyaline pycnidial wall under the inner layer. Full morphological details and a comparison with closely related species are also provided. The new species differs from the closely related species N. ribicola, N. rhamni, N. rhamnicola and N. rhamnioides by its distinct conidiogenous cells and conidia. Phylogenetic analysis (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference method) of combined ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2 sequence data reveal that two strains of the fungus differ from all other species of Neocucurbitaria (Cucurbitariaceae). Therefore, we introduce N. subribicola as a new species, and this is the first report of the asexual morph of Neocucurbitaria in China
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