Abstract
Multimodal spectroscopic imaging methods such as Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI MSI), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to monitor the changes in distribution and to determine semi quantitatively selected metabolites involved in nitrogen fixation in pea root nodules. These approaches were used to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen fixation by pea plants treated with biofertilizer preparations containing Nod factors. To assess the effectiveness of biofertilizer, the fresh and dry masses of plants were determined. The biofertilizer was shown to be effective in enhancing the growth of the pea plants. In case of metabolic changes, the biofertilizer caused a change in the apparent distribution of the leghaemoglobin from the edges of the nodule to its centre (the active zone of nodule). Moreover, the enhanced nitrogen fixation and presumably the accelerated maturation form of the nodules were observed with the use of a biofertilizer.
Highlights
Legume plants are able to enter into a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria belonging to the rhizobia group; the legume plants provide a source of nitrogen for the soil bacteria, while the bacteria provide a source of carbon for the plants
Rhizobia are only able to induce the development of root nodules on a specific plant-host, and the morphology of the nodules depends on the geographic origin of the plant, which varies according to the legume clade [2]
The mass spectrum for this region showed a series of signals that could be assigned based on the literature data [23], corresponding to the Nod factors molecules produced by R. leguminosarum
Summary
Legume plants are able to enter into a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria belonging to the rhizobia group; the legume plants provide a source of nitrogen for the soil bacteria, while the bacteria provide a source of carbon for the plants. As a result of this symbiotic relationship, specific organs called nodules form on the plant roots, and occasionally appear on stems. This is a unique process, where rhizobia, after converting their cells into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids, can reduce nitrogen gas in ammonia, producing, amino acids, including glutamate and asparagine, among others [1]. Rhizobia are only able to induce the development of root nodules on a specific plant-host, and the morphology of the nodules depends on the geographic origin of the plant, which varies according to the legume clade [2]. The nitrogen fixation process occurs in the central part of a nodule, where bacteroids are concentrated [2]
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