Multifunctional Intelligent Helmet to Enhanced Safety and Comfort of Laborers in the Mining Industry

A vehicle tracking system is very useful for tracking the movement of a vehicle from any location at any time. An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of popular technology that combines a smartphone with an Arduino UNO. This easy to make and inexpensive compared to others. The designed in vehicle device works using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) technology that is one of the most common ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle those positions is to be determined and tracked in real time. A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location. This paper proposed to design a vehicle tracking system that works using GPS and GSM technology, which would be the cheapest source of vehicle tracking and it would work as anti-theft system. It is an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM). An Arduino UNO is used to control the GPS receiver and GSM module. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time interval. The GSM module is used to transmit and update the vehicle location to a database. This paper gives minute by minute update about vehicle location by sending SMS through GSM modem. This SMS contain latitude and longitude of the location of vehicle. Arduino UNO gets the coordinates from GPS modem and then it sends this information to user in text SMS. GSM modem is used to send this information via SMS sent to the owner of the vehicle. Location is displayed on LCD. And then Google map displays location and name of the place on cell phone. Thus, user able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using smartphone and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination.

A vehicle tracking system is very useful for tracking the movement of a vehicle from any location at any time. An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of popular technology that combines a smartphone with an Arduino UNO. This easy to make and inexpensive compared to others. The designed in vehicle device works using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) technology that is one of the most common ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle those positions is to be determined and tracked in real time. A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location. This paper proposed to design a vehicle tracking system that works using GPS and GSM technology, which would be the cheapest source of vehicle tracking and it would work as anti-theft system. It is an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM). An Arduino UNO is used to control the GPS receiver and GSM module. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time interval. The GSM module is used to transmit andupdate the vehicle location to a database. This paper gives minute by minute update about vehicle location by sending SMS through GSM modem. This SMS contain latitude and longitude of the location of vehicle. Arduino UNO gets the coordinates from GPS modem and then it sends this information to user in text SMS. GSM modem is used to send this information via SMS sent to the owner of the vehicle. Location is displayed on LCD. And then Google map displays location and name of the place on cell phone. Thus, user able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using smartphone and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination

To track a vehicle's movement from any location at any time, a tracking system for automobiles is quite helpful. To observe the movement of any equipped vehicle at any time from any location, an effective mechanism for vehicle navigation is created and put into use. The suggested solution effectively utilised the widely used combining technology that connects an Arduino UNO-equipped smartphone. It is inexpensive and simple to make in comparison to other options. One of the most popular methods for vehicle tracking, the built-in gadget uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technologies. The device is integrated within the vehicle, allowing for real-time location determination and tracking. The employee must switch the RFID card when the car arrives to pick them up. The microcontroller compares the RFID card number with the information in its database and then communicates the employee's ID, the cab's ID, and the cab's position coordinates to the company unit via the GSM module. The company unit's GSM Modem will receive the message through GSM. GPS offers geographic coordinates for the vehicle tracking system. The vehicle's location has been transmitted and updated to a database using the GSM module. By delivering SMS using a GSM modem, this article provides a minute-by-minute update on the location of the car.

<p>Global positioning system (GPS) tracker is an innovative technology that is able to track the position of vehicle using global satellite system. In this paper, vehicle tracker system design that is derived from global positioning system and global system for mobile communication (GSM) interface with the use of Arduino Uno board as platform is proposed and presented. Technology in Arduino, GSM, and GPS is studied.GPS module receives the coordinates from the satellite. The GPS coordinates are sent to users in the form of SMS through SIM900A GSM module. By using Google Maps, the exact location of the vehicle can be located. Arduino microcontroller is the gateway to all GPS and GSM hardware and software communication in the system. The design represents that GSM and GPS interface with the use of Arduino Uno board as platform can really make vehicle tracking more efficient and convenient since it can work in any weather conditions and provide real-time location of objects. Automatic display of the coordinate’s geographical location in a map should be integrated in future design.</p>

As urban living environment is becoming more and more complex; the road condition is becoming worse because of heavy traffic, increase of traffic accidents and high ratio of empty vehicles. It increases the cost of transportation and wastes time of vehicle movement. In highly populated Countries like India, during accidents, people lose their lives due to unavailability of proper medical facilities at the right time. This project senses any accident in the vehicle and intimates pre-programmed numbers like family members of the rider, ambulance, police station and nearest hospital etc. The GSM technology is used to send the position of the vehicle as a SMS to those numbers. And also the position of the vehicle can be obtained. Most of the companies want to keep track of their vehicles, with this equipment we can keep track of the vehicle by periodically sending SMS and the position of the vehicle is sent by the GSM modem as a SMS to the user. In this project an electronic device is installed in a vehicle and helmet to enable the hospital (ambulance-108), police station and relative of the driver to track him if he has been met with an accident and get immediate hospitalization. It is an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle which is met with an accident by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). This design will continuously monitor a moving vehicle along with rider wearing the helmet and report the status on demand and will send rescue message when met with an accident. For doing so a Renesas microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM Modem and GPS Receiver. A GSM Modem is used to send the position (latitude and longitude) of the rider. The GPS modem will continuously give the data i.e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position of the rider. The same data is sent to the mobile numbers and 108.

This work proposes analysis effect of environmental parameters on Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS). This paper presents variation in GSM signal strength with respect to weather parameters. There are many sources of deviation for both issues, but into this research our main focus on Tropospheric delays. The results show humidity, pressure, temperature and air condition effect signal strength values of GSM and accuracy of GPS. The minimum and maximum measurements were recorded for GSM in the range - 89 and - 41 dBm where -89 is low signal strength and -41 is high signal strength. The accuracy of GPS were calculated and compared at different points. Result of this research showed that the tropospheric delay produce 6 to 14 meters deviation on same landmark at different weather parameters value.

Global Positioning System (GPS) is based on a satellite system. Much work has been carried out on a non-satellite positioning systems using the existing Global System of Mobile Communications (GSM) infrastructure. This leads to a hybrid GPS/GSM positioning systems in the paper. We purpose to adopt GSM for positioning via an integrated switch design with fuzzy logic, if GPS lose efficacy. This induces four main research features in this paper: (1) Designs with optimal-based Fourier analyzer to achieve error of GPS decrease is presented. (2) New applications of fuzzy set theory are presented to solve the problem of GPS accuracy. (3) An integrated switch of fuzzy logic is designed for selecting GPS or GSM positioning systems. (4) Discussions on various GSM positioning methods are adopted with different error and location parameters of environment.

Global Positioning System (GPS) is based on a satellite system. Much work has been carried out on a non-satellite positioning systems using the existing Global System of Mobile Communications (GSM) infrastructure. This leads to a hybrid GPS/GSM positioning systems in the paper. We purpose to adopt GSM for positioning via an integrated switch design with fuzzy logic, if GPS lose efficacy. This induces four main research features in this paper. (1) Designs with optimal-based Fourier analyzer to achieve error of GPS decrease is presented. (2) New applications of fuzzy set theory are presented to solve the problem of GPS accuracy. (3) An integrated switch of fuzzy logic is designed for selecting GPS or GSM positioning systems. (4) Discussions on various GSM positioning methods are adopted with different error and location parameters of environment.

The paper integrates global positioning system (GPS) and global system for mobile communication (GSM) measurements form wireless communication network to solve the positioning problem in the case that the number of visible GPS satellites is not sufficient. Therefore, we propose how to select GPS and GSM system for positioning with fuzzy logic switch. With GPS, we use Fourier approximations to analyze the root mean square error (RMSE) and compare the difference between Taylor and Fourier approximations method. In addition, we use a hybrid time difference of arrival / angle of arrival (TDOA/AOA) location scheme that combine TDOA location with AOA location in GSM system. The solution is obtained by linearizing these equations via a Taylor-series expansion. For location estimator, we use the least square (LS) method for GSM location to obtain the solution of the TDOA/AOA location equations.

Tracking and monitoring vehicles are coming vastly utilized based on Global Positioning System (GPS). In this paper a real time tracking system is proposed. The proposed framework would make great utilization of new innovation that basis on embedded board denotation Arduino Intel Galileo. This system acts on Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS) and General Packet Radio System (GPRS) which are utilized for vehicle tracking and monitoring. The SIM908 Module is applied which incorporates three technics to be specific GPS, GPRS and GSM. GPS gives the vehicle location coordinates, GPRS transmits these data to the server and finally the GSM transmits warning message to the vehicle owner phone. This paper exhibit the evolution of the vehicle tracking system prototype which is used in the vehicle. In particular, the framework will use GPS to acquire a vehicle location coordinates and send it utilizing GSM modem to the owner phone and to the web server. After that, the browser can carry on the PHP site page that utilizes Google maps to display the place in a real time. To define the location accuracy of the suggested system, we compared the system proposed results with the different commercial GPS devices.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become one of the state-of-the-art location systems that offers reliable mobile terminal (MT) location estimates. However, there exist situations where GPS is not available, for example, when the MT is used indoors or when the MT is located close to high buildings. In these scenarios, a promising approach is to combine the GPS-measured values with measured values from the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), which is known as hybrid localization method. In this paper, three nonlinear filters, namely, an extended Kalman filter, a Rao-Blackwellized unscented Kalman filter, and a modified version of the recently proposed cubature Kalman filter, are proposed that combine pseudoranges from GPS with timing advance and received signal strengths from GSM. The three filters are compared with each other in terms of performance and computational complexity. Posterior Cramér-Rao lower bounds are evaluated in order to assess the theoretical performance. Furthermore, it is investigated how additional GPS reference time information available from GSM influences the performance of the hybrid localization method. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed hybrid method outperforms the GSM method.

This Paper proposes a design and implementation of an effective pet-location system by combining a smartphone with an Arduino UNO to create an IoT- based solution. A pet finding device is very beneficial for tracking a pet's movement from any place at any time. The system was motivated by the need to monitor pets, since 15 percent of pet owners lose their pets within five years and one-third of pets go missing in their lifetimes, according to a study on lost pets. The IoT has attracted a great attention in terms of industry and research applications in recent years, despite the fact that it is relatively affordable and simple to produce. Numerous devices that around us are linked to cloud computing under the IoT paradigm. There are several uses for IoT, including agriculture, smart cities, and healthcare. The developed gadget employs Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), and Long-Range (LoRa) radio technology, which is one of the most used tracking methods. The gadget is integrated into a pet's collar, and its whereabouts will be calculated and monitored in real time. Controlling the GPS receiver, GSM module, and LoRa module is an Arduino UNO. The tracking system receives location data at frequent intervals from a GPS system. The GSM transceiver keeps track of the pet's whereabouts and sends information. This GSM sends SMS updates on the position of a pet every twenty seconds using a GSM modem if it is missing. The GPS coordinates are obtained by Arduino UNO and then sent to the user via SMS. This information is transmitted to the pet's owner through SMS using a GSM modem. The location can be seen on an LCD panel. On the mobile device, Google map displays the pet's location.

This study is related to motorcycle anti-theft system which is a system that can increase awareness of the users on their vehicle. The system can prevent the motorcycle from being stolen easily by making a call to the owner’s cell phone through the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). Existing alarm system in the market slowly shows its disadvantage. This is when the thief tried to steal a motorcycle, the system will produce a loud sound. People at the surrounding tend to ignore the noise and assume nothing is happening to the motorcycle. So, this project is conducted to improve the existing alarm system. Several types of sensors that suitable to use in the proposed system have been installed which are shock and vibration sensor, tilt sensor and ultrasonic sensor. These sensors will be placed in hidden places in the motorcycle to avoid the thieves from noticing it. So, when a thief tries to steal the motorcycle, the alarm system will be activated and GSM will make a call to the motorcycle owner. Another helpful device has been used in this system which is Global Positioning System (GPS) shield. This device will read the location of the motorcycle accurately and send it through GSM when the owner makes a request to the system.

In dense urban and indoor scenarios, the Global Positioning System (GPS) often cannot provide reliable mobile terminal (MT) location estimates, due to the attenuation or complete shadowing of the satellite signals. Cellular radio network-based localization methods, however, provide MT location estimates in almost every scenario, but they do not reach the accuracy of MT location estimates provided by GPS. Thus, a promising approach is to combine measured values from the cellular radio network and GPS, which is known as hybrid localization. In this paper, an extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based hybrid localization method is proposed that combines round trip time and received signal strength measured values available from the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and pseudorange (PR) measured values from GPS, in order to track the MT's movement. In contrast to existing hybrid approaches, an EKF-based MT tracking algorithm is proposed that additionally takes into account sectorized BS antennas which are typically employed in existing GSM networks, and it takes into account PR instead of geometric range (or time of arrival) measured values from GPS as GSM is normally not time-synchronized to GPS. Simulation and experimental results show that, compared to an EKF that is based only on GSM measured values, the proposed EKF that additionally incorporates PR measured values yields improved MT location estimates.

Statistical Data Fusion for Hybrid Localization of Mobile Terminals