Multi-Criteria Method as a Performance Indicator in Waste Management in Special Works of Art

The demand to mitigate the problems caused by improper disposal of solid waste and the subsequent generation of social-environmental impacts has generated discussions and referrals in the search for alternative solutions, and this has caused problems for man. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a study to identify ways to dispose of solid waste in the city of Assú/RN and identify social and environmental impacts that affect the population of the neighborhood where the municipal dump is installed. For the development of the study, we used qualitative and quantitative research with interviews with representatives of municipal agencies responsible for municipal solid waste and a questionnaire with the garbage collectors. One of the major problems observed was the inadequate form of disposal of solid waste and the impacts generated by these in the population of the study object neighborhood, especially the garbage collectors that directly deal with waste. Due to the problems generated, sensitization/awareness campaigns are necessary with the population, to ensure better management of solid waste in the city, as well as the construction of a landfill for better management of municipal solid waste according to what has been established in the National Policy on Solid Waste (Federal Law 12.305/10).

The effect of poor solid waste management on flood risk is becoming more and more among cities around the world. Gombe metropolis has been facing a serious environmental issue of flooding which became annual event presently. On the other hand, the population of the metropolis is highly increasing which subsequently increased the of solid waste generates by residents. Many empirical researches have established a correlation between poor waste management and flood risk. Therefore, there is need for a comprehensive approach to improve the waste management for a sustainable flood risk management. Hence, the specific objectives of the research are to assess flood risk, flood incidences and flood risk management, evaluate existing solid waste management practices and its efficiency, identification of linkages between solid waste and flood risk management and develop a comprehensive framework for integrated solid waste and flood risk management. Both spatial, using GIS and statistical analysis were conducted and findings revealed an association between solid waste and flood risk managemen.t About 60% of respondents claimed poor solid waste management was responsible for blocking of streams/rivers/drainage fertilities. Furthermore, 89% of respondent believed that the poor solid waste management was also accountable for the flood incidence in the metropolis. The research also found that a substantial number of residents (73%) professed government efforts on solid waste and flood risk management as very effective to effective. The research unveiled the high to very high flood risk districts as Bajoga, Ajiya, Dawaki, Bolari, Liji and Pantami, Tabra, Herwa Gana, and Garin Hamza district respectively. Finally, the finding of the research was used to developed an integrated solid waste and flood risk management framework and it is recommended for implementation by the government agencies concern.

The improper disposal of solid waste, particularly in developing countries, poses significant threats to the natural environment and public health, leading to increased pollution and disease prevalence. Hospital-generated solid waste, characterized by its heightened toxicity and contagion potential, further exacerbates these risks when mismanaged. This study undertakes an evaluation of the solid waste management (SWM) practices implemented at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Hospital in Islamabad, with a specific focus on assessing their impact on the staff responsible for SWM. The data collection process encompasses on-site visits to check and compare the hospital wastes data available athospital servers as well as by the structured questionnaires. According to the gathered data, PIMS Hospital generates an annual total of 61,030 kilograms of hazardous waste and 254,866.9 kilograms of non-hazardous waste. Given its status as the capital's healthcare facility, PIMS Hospital maintains a well-established and satisfactorily functioning standard of SWM system. This system includes the segregation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste at the point of generation, facilitated by a color-coded scheme. Non-hazardous waste is then transported to a secure covered storage site using specialized trolleys, while hazardous waste is safely disposed of through the utilization of on-site, double-chambered incinerators. Data analysis underscores the heightened occupational risks faced by SWM personnel, including an increased likelihood of sharp injuries, and disease exposure, as well as the prevalent experience of stress and anxiety. The study's findings necessitate the imperative adoption of standardized practices for the proper handling, treatment, and disposal of solid waste by the involved staff. Furthermore, a critical recommendation arises from the need for routine health monitoring of SWM workers by qualified medical professionals through established mechanisms to mitigate the potential transmission of diseases to their family members. Such measures are paramount in safeguarding the health and well-being of both the SWM staff and the broader community.

Rapid urbanization in developing countries leads to a dramatic increase in solid waste production, with serious socio-economic and ecological impacts. In order to avoid the associated hazards, particularly those related to human health and the environment, solid waste management is indispensable. Disposal of municipal waste that predominantly comprises household and commercial refuse has become a daunting task for local governments and municipalities of Pakistan. Issues related to both inadequacy of service delivery and inappropriate disposal signify that waste management should be high on the local environment policy agenda. In particular, the external cost of waste management is high, and cost recovery of refuse collection may cause the exclusion of many households and additional costs on the households that avail themselves of the service. In this study, we carried out an evaluation of the health damage caused by improper waste disposal in a sample of heterogeneous households. The study shows a framework for evaluating the damages caused by inadequate waste management practices. The results indicate that irregular disposal in the vicinity of residents causes illness: respondents living within 100 m are more vulnerable to malaria, dengue, and asthma than those living more than 500 m away. Moreover, the findings highlight that households lack knowledge of waste hazards and 75.9% of waste is not segregated. We suggest a subsidized waste collection and disposal service provided either by the local government or by outsourcing.

Solid waste management in Malaysia is under the responsibility of the Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation or commonly known as SWCorp. It is licensed under the National Solid Waste Management Department, a department directed by the Ministry of Urban Well-being, Housing, and Local Government. SWCorp is responsible for setting up policies on solid waste management under the direct overview of the ministry. Solid waste management in Malaysia has undergone various levels of transformation from managing generated solid waste such as reusing and recycling before 2015 to reducing and segregating solid waste at source since 2015. The management of solid waste at source is emphasized by the enforcement of the 672 Act: Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007 in September 2015. Nevertheless, behavioral transformation requires a commitment to social responsibility, namely reducing, reusing, and recycling activities, in all sectors of the community. This chapter discusses and examines Malaysian consumers’ commitment to social responsibility in solid waste management from the perspectives of NGOs and youth. The consumer sector is the most crucial group in the community as it represents the main grassroots. Furthermore, the commitment at grassroots is more sustainable and longstanding compared to top-down enforcement. Additionally, given that NGOs are more sensitive to the transformation of public behavior, and youth are our future decision makers on the fate of the environment, this chapter discusses consumers’ commitment to social responsibility in waste management through the perspectives of NGOs and youth. The analysis regarding the commitment of Malaysian consumers through the perspectives of NGOs and youth indicates that Malaysian consumers are more committed to performing recycling and reusing activities as compared to reducing activities. These findings illustrate Malaysian consumers’ reluctance to embrace the philosophy behind behavioral transformation, that is prevention is better than cure. In this case, they are slow to adapt to the behavioral transformation activities related to reduce, segregate, and compost solid waste at the source.

Nigeria just likes every other country in sub-Sahara Africa is faced with solid waste generation and management. Solid waste is dump indiscriminately and seen in huge heaps on any piece of unused land, around buildings, drainage system, institutions, playing ground, roads side, and in the open market places in major cities and towns. Living with solid wastes littered around seems to be an acceptable way of life among the people in this part of the world. This research work reported intensive review on solid wastes generation and management in this region using Nigeria as a case study. The application of knowledge of solid waste generation and management approach is crucial for inculcating a change of attitude towards improving the management of generated solid waste in this region. From the review, it was observed that biodegradable solid waste that can be managed via the biogas technology and landfill technology have the highest percentage fraction while the remaining fraction that comprised of non-biodegradable and combustible solid waste can be managed via other technology such incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, etc. Besides, the inefficient management of generated solid waste by individuals, households, institution, consumers and waste management companies can be attributed to inadequate information on waste management benefits, insufficient academic research and industry linkages, financial constraint, economic constraint, cultural constraint, lack of planning and projection, social constraint, lack of producers’ involvement in waste management as well as poor implementation of government policies and lack of comprehensive legal framework.Keywords: Solid waste generation, solid waste management, biodegradable solid waste, combustible solid waste

Impact of improper municipal solid waste management on fostering One Health approach in Ethiopia — challenges and opportunities: A systematic review

Solid waste management in most MENA countries is characterized by lack of planning, improper disposal, inadequate collection services, inappropriate technologies that suit the local conditions and technical requirements, and insufficient funding. Therefore, waste management is mainly limited to collection, transportation, and disposal. As the circular economy has recently been given high priority on the MENA region’s political agenda, all MENA member states are seeking to move away from old-fashioned waste disposal, “waste management”, towards a more intelligent waste treatment, “resource efficiency”. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of national systems for municipal solid waste (MSW) management, and material and energy recovery as an important aspect thereof, in the context of the circular economy in selected countries in the MENA region. Since policy, regulation, and treatment technologies are traditionally connected to MSW management, the focus of this article is twofold. Firstly, it aims to identify the different practices of solid waste management employed in selected MENA region countries and their approaches to embracing the circular economy and, secondly, it examines the extent to which policies and technologies applied play any role in this context. The study revealed that most waste management issues in the countries analyzed appear to be due to political factors and the decentralized nature of waste management with multi-level management and responsibilities. In fact, material and energy recovery in the context of municipal solid waste management does not differ significantly in the countries in the MENA region considered. In most cases, “waste” is still seen as “trouble” rather than a resource. Therefore, a fresh vision on how the solid waste management system can be transformed into a circular economy is required; there is a need for paradigm shift from a linear economy model to a circular-economy model.

Scholarship on solid waste management in Africa mostly focuses on institutional players and collaboration in achieving sustainable waste management. Little consideration is given to the technical issues and technologies for waste management; and the links to sustainable urban development. Using a systematic and inclusive literature review, this chapter discusses solid waste management in African cities and what it means for sustainable development. African cities are facing a growing and varied solid waste generation and management crisis. Following rapid population growth and urbanisation, rise in middle-income households and the attendant rise in living standards and consumption, many cities in Africa generate large quantities of solid waste which has become a development challenge. As a result, solid waste from households and commercial and industrial sources increasingly contaminate many African cities. Unfortunately, landfilling and incineration are the most common technologies for municipal solid waste management in most African cities, although none of them is sustainable due to the significant environmental and financial costs involved. The lack of clear policy strategies in waste management is an issue in many African countries because governments are not fully prepared to integrate waste management into their sustainable urban development priority goals. The future of solid waste management in African cities will remain a challenge without efforts to discover and apply locally-appropriate technologies that incorporate the principle of “reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, and dispose.”

The global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has spurred a reassessment of Municipal Solid Waste management strategies and approaches. A significant need for sanitation and hygiene was accentuated for disease prevention and control with the onset of the pandemic. With an alteration of the status quo in waste management system, an unprecedented amount of face masks, protective equipment, and other biological wastes was generated in the form of Municipal Solid Waste . This upsurge of potentially infected wastes originated a risk of transmission amongst frontline workers. Furthermore, the potential contamination of Municipal Solid Waste was rendered as a legitimate threat due to improper collection practices, disposal and handling of solid waste. Several novel waste disposal techniques and waste management policies were also introduced during this period. However, the sanitation-policy making-occupational safety nexus remains inadequately explored under the prevalent COVID-19 scenario. Through the prism of shifting waste composition, this review offers a global assessment of existing solid waste management systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The physiological and psychological hazards faced by the frontline workers were explored and instances of best-case and worst-case policies on solid waste handling were recorded. Modern methods of waste disposal and latest trends of policymaking were evaluated. A model study of unsupervised learning via Partition Around Medoids cluster analysis was undertaken to reveal underlying patterns of waste management policies. Although, the clusters were formed devoid of any socio-economic parameters, this study strives to indicate proof of concept and can serve as a precursor to advanced clustering studies.

Problems associated with solid waste management (SWM) have proved to be complex in origin and in solution. In Nigeria SWM is characterized by inefficient collection methods, insufficient coverage of the collection system and improper disposal of solid waste. This chapter reviews the current status of SWM in Nigeria. For SWM to be sustainable in Nigeria a greater financial investment needs to be made, possibly including provision through local rates and taxes. In addition, appropriate technologies in line with the nature of garbage generated need to be explored. Finally the effort and role played by the informal sector in SWM in Nigeria needs to be recognised, but there is urgent need for this sector to be formalized so that its role can be geared towards achieving sustainability.

Introduction: Solid waste (SW), commonly known as trash, represents a growing environmental concern as it originates from industrial, commercial, agricultural activities, and healthcare services. When not properly managed, it can cause significant impacts on the environment and society. Objective: To conduct a Systematic Literature Review on the socioenvironmental impacts resulting from the improper disposal of solid waste. Methodology: This is a Systematic Literature Review with a qualitative approach, based on articles published between 2019 and 2024, available in scientific databases of recognized national relevance. Results: It was found that solid waste management is still an expanding field, requiring ongoing research that covers its multiple aspects. Improper management of SW directly impacts the environment and human health, contributing to various biological and social issues. Among the barriers to the effective implementation of waste management programs are the lack of technical knowledge, insufficient specific standards and legislation, neglect by responsible parties, absence or inefficiency of oversight, and the lack of educational programs focused on pollution prevention. Conclusion: Solid waste is currently one of the main challenges faced by urban centers. The lack of appropriate disposal sites compromises the effectiveness of selective collection. The issues highlighted have significant impacts on both the environment and society.

In modern era the technological improvement, urbanization, migration and huge population have increased the waste generation. Increasing population will leads to lack of infrastructure facility like water sanitation, sewage and solid waste management. People are not properly disposing their waste into the common waste bin as well as bins are not sufficient with the increasing population level. Due to improper disposal of solid waste, it ultimately reached into sewage channels and ends with blockage of sewage channels. It leads to cause more environmental and health issues. Improper waste management in the landfill of Puducherry district cause more heat in the landfill as well as increase in the leachate generation and it will leads to the contamination of soil and ground water quality. This paper focused on health and environmental issues owing to improper disposal solid waste and its management practised.

Solid waste management is an essential social service of the local government system in Nigeria. The lack of adequate funding of the local governments has created a situation where most of the cities are dirty as solid waste is disposed indiscriminately resulting to various public health issues. The establishment of the ecological fund has not provided effective relief to the problems of environmental governance, including solid waste management. The study examined the relationship between solid waste management and public health challenges in Ibadan city, Nigeria. The study adopted survey design, while the population of study was Ibadan city in Oyo State, Nigeria. Quantitative data was collected using validated questionnaire with response rate of 100%. Correlation coefficient and ANOVA were employed in the testing of the hypotheses. The study found that there was significant relationship between Politicization of Waste Management and Public Health Challenges (r = .325, p<.05). In addition, there was significant relationship between Ineffective Management of Solid Waste and Public Health Challenges (r = .662, p<.05). Indiscriminate Disposal of Solid Waste, Politicization of Solid Waste and Ineffective Management of solid waste had joint significant effect on Public Health Challenges (F(3, 296) = 22.078, Adj. R2 = .696, p<0.05). The study concluded that the politicization of solid waste management in the selected local governments had resulted in ineffective management of solid wastes, with the residents being exposed to several public health challenges. It was recommended that there should be improved funding of the waste management agencies to enable them adopt modern waste disposal techniques.

Solid waste (SW) management is a challenge across the globe due to the increasing diversity of waste characteristics and lack of effective implementation of consistent waste policies accompanied by changing lifestyles, increased production processes and rapid urbanization. To date, fewer papers have been published in international literature on a comparative analysis of SW management in developed, developing and lesser developed countries. To fill that gap, this comparative review aims to analyse SW management pratices in lesser developed, developing and developed countries, using existing data from 2005 to 2015, from major scientific journals, Waste Management; Resources, Conservation and Recycling; Journal of Environmental Management and Waste Management and Research, covering both quantitative and qualitative data to draw experiences from developed countries for improving SW management efficiency in lesser developed and developing countries. The findings from the comparative review indicate that SW management in lesser developed and developing countries is not well established and inefficient. Key issues were identified around lack of cooperation among stakeholders, institutional structural weaknesses, lack of legislated recycling, ad hoc and uncoordinated approaches. This paper provides the critical aspects that could be useful to policy- and decision-makers when developing, designing, and making adjustments and implementing efficient SW management systems in developing and lesser developed countries.