Abstract
Certain symptoms associated with mild sickness and lethargy have not been categorized as definitive diseases. Confirming such symptoms in captive monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, known as cynomolgus monkeys) can be difficult; however, it is possible to observe and analyze their feces. In this study, we investigated the relationship between stool state and various omics data by considering objective and quantitative values of stool water content as a phenotype for analysis. By examining the food intake of the monkeys and assessing their stool, urine, and plasma, we attempted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the health status of individual monkeys and correlate it with the stool condition. Our metabolomics data strongly suggested that many lipid-related metabolites were correlated with the stool water content. The lipidomic analysis revealed the involvement of saturated and oxidized fatty acids, metallomics revealed the contribution of selenium (a bio-essential trace element), and intestinal microbiota analysis revealed the association of several bacterial species with the stool water content. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the redox imbalance causes minor health problems. However, it is not possible to make a definite conclusion using multi-omics alone, and other hypotheses could be proposed.
Highlights
IntroductionLiving a healthy life and reaching old age without agony and disease are common aspirations in human society
The stool water content was considered a quantitative and an objective phenotype, and an association was investigated with the following omics data
We obtained continuous quantitative data by using water content in stool as a phenotype for reflecting the health status of monkeys, in monkeys housed for a long time under similar conditions and controlled for infections
Summary
Living a healthy life and reaching old age without agony and disease are common aspirations in human society. Numerous diseases have to be overcome in old age. These include widely recognized diseases such as cancer, dementia, and infectious diseases, as well as diseases that cannot be diagnosed using conventional techniques despite the presence of clinically evident symptoms. Mice are used extensively as experimental models, there are significant differences in the biology and behavior of rodents and humans. Non-human primates (NHPs) could serve as effective experimental models, as they are close to humans in terms of evolutionary distance [3]. Unlike research on humans, research on NHPs allows for complete control over housing, environment, diet, and behavior
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