Abstract
Different hydrogen production scenarios need to be compared in regard to multiple, and often distinct aspects. It is well known that hydrogen production technologies based on environmentally-friendly renewable energy sources have higher values of the economic indicators than methods based on fossil fuels. Therefore, how should this decision criterion (environmental) prevail over the other types of decision criteria (technical and economic) to make a scenario where hydrogen production only uses renewable energy sources the most attractive option for a decision-maker? This article presents the results of a multi-variant comparative analysis of scenarios to annually produce one million tons of pure hydrogen (99.999%) via electrolysis in Poland. The compared variants were found to differ in terms of electricity sources feeding the electrolyzers. The research demonstrated that the scenario where hydrogen production uses energy from photovoltaics only becomes the best option for the environmental criterion weighting value at 61%. Taking the aging effect of photovoltaic installation (PV) panels and electrolyzers after 10 years of operation into account, the limit value of the environmental criterion rises to 63%. The carried out analyses may serve as the basis for the creation of systems supporting the development of clean and green hydrogen production technologies.
Highlights
The Polish power industry is at a breakthrough point in the process of the structural transformation of the manufacturing sector
This is due to the fact that the main sources of electricity are still coal-fired power plants, accounting for 67% of the power installed in the system, of which 49% are fueled with hard coal and 18% are fueled by lignite
The article presents the results of a multivariate comparative analysis of hydrogen production scenarios based on electrolysis
Summary
The Polish power industry is at a breakthrough point in the process of the structural transformation of the manufacturing sector. The production of one kWh of electricity in the national power system is burdened with an average CO2 emission of 0.765 kg [1]. This is due to the fact that the main sources of electricity are still coal-fired power plants, accounting for 67% of the power installed in the system, of which 49% are fueled with hard coal and 18% are fueled by lignite. Though coal will still be the main source of electricity, its consumption is projected to gradually decrease in favor of renewable energy sources [3,4]
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