Abstract
A candidate multigenic SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on an MVA vector expressing both viral N and S proteins (MVA-S + N) was immunogenic, and induced T-cell responses and binding antibodies to both antigens but in the absence of detectable neutralizing antibodies. Intranasal immunization with the vaccine diminished viral loads and lung inflammation in mice after SARS-CoV-2 challenge, which correlated with the T-cell response induced by the vaccine in the lung, indicating that T-cell immunity is also likely critical for protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in addition to neutralizing antibodies.
Highlights
SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the disease COVID-191 that is currently a pandemic involving more than 170 million human infections and 3.8 million deaths worldwide
We report a multigenic SARS-CoV2 vaccine based on the modified vaccinia ankara (MVA) vector that expresses both viral nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) (MVA-S + N)
We demonstrate that the vaccine is immunogenic but does not induce detectable neutralizing antibodies
Summary
Blots shown were derived from the same experiment and were processed in parallel. c Vaccine-induced serum binding IgG after I.M. (red) and I.N. (blue) immunization. At week 5, all mice were intranasally challenged with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain[14], followed vaccine is immunogenic and induces systemic antibody response by euthanasia at two days after challenge for analyses of viral (binding IgG) and T-cell response for both S and N proteins in loads and inflammation in the lung (Supplementary Fig. 3). We described a multigenic SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (mean SFC for S: 152 in vaccine vs 5 in mock; mean SFC for N: 161 (MVA-S + N) that was immunogenic and induced specific T-cell in vaccine vs 5 in mock) (p < 0.001 for S and N) (Fig. 1h), and binding antibody responses in mice. Our present study indicates that T-cell immunity is critical for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in addition to neutralizing antibodies, and is likely an important consideration for SARS-CoV-2 and pan-coronavirus vaccine development
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