Más que una foto fija: revisión sistemática integrativa sobre la medición del sinhogarismo en España

Smart mobility and public transport: Opportunities and challenges in rural and urban areas

The number of Open Access (OA) policies that have been adopted by universities, research institutes and research funders has been increasing at a fast pace. The Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies (ROARMAP) records the existence of 724 OA policies across the world, of which 512 have been adopted by universities and research institutions. The UK is one of the leading countries in terms of OA policy development and implementation with a total of 85 institutional and an estimated 35 funder OA policies. In order to understand and contextualise how OA policies are developed and how they can be effectively implemented and aligned, this brief looks at two areas. The first section provides an overview on the processes evolving around policy making, policy effectiveness and policy alignment. In particular, it summarises the criteria and elements generally specified in OA policies, it points out some of the relevant steps informing the development, monitoring and revision of OA policies, it outlines what OA policy elements contribute to policy effectiveness, and highlights the benefits in aligning OA policies. The second section revisits the issues previously discussed within the context of the UK institutional (universities) OA policy landscape.

In 2018, the revision of world urbanisation prospects report published by United Nations predicts the global scenario of growing megacities and the accompanying decline in rural populations. This development will profoundly change life especially in rural areas. As a result of research on the central experiences of the practice-oriented “Digital Black Forest” project, this publication addresses the future challenges in rural areas with a focus on local supply, health-related care and residential mobility. The project, promoted by the initiative “digitale Zukunftskommune@bw”, used an open innovation-based research to gather the views of around 500 rural residents in the German Northern Black Forest region. In this context, the project also examines potential approaches to the aforementioned challenges, which are based primarily on new technologies that have been established in the context of the ongoing digital transformation. This paper outlines the scientific exploitation of the results from the “Digital Black Forest” project, aiming to face future challenges in rural areas through approaches to digitalisation.

Resolving the open source paradox in biotechnology: A proposal for a revised open source policy for publicly funded genomic databases

Avtorica v prispevku preučuje povezave med neformalnim izobraževanjem odraslih in razvojem socialnega kapitala v lokalnem okolju. Ugotavlja, kako izobraževalni program za odrasle UŽU Izzivi podeželja prispeva k ustvarjanju soci- alnega kapitala na podeželju. V ta namen najprej opredeli osnovno terminologijo: definira podeželje, socialni kapital in predstavi izobraževalni program UŽU Izzivi podeželja. Empirični del temelji na kvalitativni analizi. Na primeru neformalnega izobraževalnega programa za odrasle UŽU Izzivi podeželja je bila izvedena primerjalna analiza med skupino oseb, ki niso bile vključene v program UŽU Izzivi po- deželja, in udeleženci programa. Pokazalo se je, da obstajajo nekatere razlike glede posameznih elementov socialnega kapitala. Največje razlike se kažejo v socialnih omrežjih in normah recipročnosti.

The number of Open Access (OA) policies that have been adopted by universities, research institutes and research funders has been increasing at a fast pace. The Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies (ROARMAP) records the existence of 733 OA policies across the world, of which 520 have been adopted by universities and research institutions. In order to understand and contextualise how OA policies are developed and how they can be effectively implemented and aligned, this brief overviews the processes evolving around policy making, policy effectiveness and policy alignment. In particular, it summarises the criteria and elements generally specified in OA policies, it points out some of the relevant steps informing the development, monitoring and revision of OA policies, it outlines what OA policy elements contribute to policy effectiveness, and highlights the benefits in aligning OA policies.

Rural areas increasingly face a raft of societal economic, social and place-based challenges, which civil society potentially has a role to play in mitigating. However, there are gaps in extant knowledge as to whether policy networks are present in rural areas and if they are, what, if any, role civil society plays in these in seeking to mitigate societal challenges in rural areas. Initially, we show how the societal challenges of rural areas may be addressed through policy networks. Policy network theory guides our analysis in eight rural areas in Denmark. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with 38 local stakeholders from in- and outside civil society. Based on the literature reviewed, we establish four dimensions that are important for the success of policy networks in mitigating societal challenges. In our analysis, we focus on these four dimensions in assessing the presence and role of policy networks in rural areas. The four dimensions describe the extent to which 1) collaboration occurs amongst a wide selection of representatives from civil society, other local stakeholders and local government, 2) steering from local government is characterized by ‘strategic signposting’ and trust, 3) local stakeholders are invited early into decision-making processes and influence them and 4) a mutual resource dependency is observed. We conclude by discussing to what extent the type of policy network found is able to mitigate the pressing societal challenges of rural areas and, finally, we make recommendations for how to support civil society in contributing to the mitigation of these societal challenges at three levels (local government, associations and citizens).

By all accounts, we’re past the tipping point with Open Access (OA). Over the past ten years, Open Access has moved from the domain of disruptive technology to an increasingly-adopted approach to research dissemination. Within the publishing world, OA journals are becoming so widely-accepted that even some long-established players are moving OA from the sidelines to the heart of their strategies for the future. Universities in countries around the world have passed Open Access policies and are incorporating OA into the way in which they capture, collect, and disseminate researchers’ outputs. Increasing numbers of research funding organizations and national governments are pushing for public access, Open Access, and open data. This article takes a look at the current landscape around Open Access publishing, repositories, policies, and expectations for the future. Several members of the Open Access community weigh in and share their thoughts.

Research shows that Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can make a significant contribution to economic growth and social development of communities. However, in rural areas there are challenges that appear to slow down the progress and the realisation of the impact of ICTs. These ICT challenges include poor infrastructure, technological illiteracy, high costs of ICTs etc. An assessment of ICT challenges within rural areas was done. A composite methodological approach was employed in this study. This involved the use of qualitative research techniques such as participant observation, workshops, focus groups and individual interviews supported by document analysis. The Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was used as the case study. The paper aims to identify an association between the ICT challenges based on rural ICT users and ICT experts. Two study groups were selected i.e. rural users within SLL, ICT experts in Europe and Africa, government officials and academic institutions were engaged to understand the current ICT challenges in rural areas. Each of the study groups had 50 participants. Chi-square tests were used to test the level of association between each of the challenges.

To encourage the sharing of research, various entities—including public and private funders, universities, and academic journals—have enacted open access (OA) mandates or data sharing policies. It is unclear, however, whether these OA mandates and policies increase the rate of OA publishing and data sharing within the research communities impacted by them. A team of librarians conducted a systematized review of the literature to answer this question. A comprehensive search of several scholarly databases and grey literature sources resulted in 4,689 unique citations. However, only five articles met the inclusion criteria and were deemed as having an acceptable risk of bias. This sample showed that although the majority of the mandates described in the literature were correlated with a subsequent increase in OA publishing or data sharing, the presence of various confounders and the differing methods of collecting and analyzing the data used by the studies’ authors made it impossible to establish a causative relationship.

NIHR Open Access Policy Review Stakeholder Survey Report

Issues about education in the urban areas and rural areas are crucial in the Indonesian context. The reason is the differentiation of the quality of the Indonesia education across the country because of those areas. During their practice, English teachers in that area face many limitations that hinder the process of teaching and learning. This case study aimed to explore two English teachers’ challenges in teaching in rural areas of Indonesia and how they overcome those challenges to maximize their role as a teacher through their teaching reflection on interview and document analysis. This is significant for giving the teachers’ views on facing the challenges in every condition of teaching English and for giving a picture to the government about the real condition of teaching English in the rural areas. The result showed that English teachers tried to deal with their own teaching condition and institution, their students, and socio-cultural conditions around them. As the solution, teachers overcome those problems by strengthening their roles as a teacher and understanding social pedagogy. However, there is still a need for English teachers to get more training related to their job in teaching English in rural areas.

Speaking is one of the skills that human beings use to communicate with one another expressing their ideas. Speaking in English to interact in the classroom with the students and teachers has always been a challenge in rural areas’ tertiary level education. The aim of this research is to explore the problems of using English to interact in the classroom at English study program in rural areas’ tertiary level education. This research used qualitative research with descriptive qualitative research design. Sixty students were chosen via purposive sampling from first semester till seventh semesters at tertiary level of a private university which is situated at a rural area in Bangladesh. Questionnaire which consisted 21 items was distributed to collect data from the participants. The data analysis shows that there were many problems in using English as the medium for classroom interaction at tertiary level because of some influential factors such as; affective factor, sociocultural factor, age or maturational constrains, aural medium, professional versus academic, environment, learning community. It is difficult to use English in classroom interaction without solving the problems by all the stakeholders. This research will be helpful for future English language instructors and students to overcome the obstacles of using English to interact in the classroom at tertiary level education in rural areas of Bangladesh. Keywords: Classroom, English Language, Rural Area, Speaking, Tertiary Level

PurposeChina’s rural elderly care system faces significant challenges in addressing the needs of an ageing population, particularly in resource-limited areas. This study aims to critically examine the rural mutual aid elderly care model in China through the lens of active ageing principles. It explores how this model tackles elder care challenges in rural areas by emphasising health, participation and security, aiming to assess its effectiveness in reducing care costs while fostering self-reliance and mutual assistance.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research methodology was used, focusing on document analysis to explore the rural mutual aid elderly care model within an active ageing framework. The study reviewed policy documents, academic literature and organisational records, using thematic analysis to understand the historical context, policy evolution and institutional support for this model.FindingsThe research identifies a significant shift from traditional passive care models to those grounded in active ageing principles. The rural mutual aid model, centring on health, participation and security, enables elderly individuals to engage in self-help and mutual assistance, thereby enhancing autonomy and reducing dependency. Key success factors include strong community networks and culturally resonant support systems. However, challenges such as resource limitations and regional disparities suggest areas for further improvement.Research limitations/implicationsThe reliance on document analysis may not fully capture the experiences of elderly participants or account for regional variations in the model’s implementation. Future research could incorporate mixed methods, including interviews or case studies, for a more nuanced understanding of elderly care in rural China. The findings emphasise the need for scalable and adaptable policies to enhance the model’s effectiveness and support culturally appropriate care strategies.Practical implicationsThe research presents significant implications for policymakers and practitioners regarding the rural mutual aid elderly care model. It emphasises the need for scalable policies that address resource limitations and enhance community engagement to improve care effectiveness. Key implications include promoting financial and social sustainability by fostering self-reliance among older adults, prioritising active ageing initiatives to enhance quality of life and community cohesion and adopting localised strategies that consider regional disparities. Moreover, these findings offer a blueprint for other countries facing similar ageing challenges, advocating for a culturally sensitive and community-driven approach to elderly care across East Asia.Social implicationsThe study’s findings significantly impact how ageing is perceived and managed in rural Chinese communities. The shift from traditional, passive elderly care models to those grounded in active ageing principles reflects a societal transformation in valuing and supporting older adults. By promoting health, participation and security, the rural mutual aid elderly care model creates inclusive environments where the elderly actively contribute to their well-being and that of others. This approach challenges perceptions of ageing as a decline, fostering autonomy and meaningful engagement, ultimately reducing social isolation and enhancing cohesion through strengthened intergenerational relationships and shared responsibilities.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by focusing on the rural mutual aid elderly care model in China through active ageing principles, addressing a notable gap in the non-Western application of these concepts. The findings offer valuable recommendations for policymakers and practitioners, emphasising community-driven approaches to ageing challenges in rural areas.

Due to the terrain (mountains, ridges, forest, and vast areas) challenges in the rural areas, it is difficult and costly to implement broadband and affordable coverage with currently available wireless technologies. To overcome communication networking challenges in rural areas, an advanced directional networking technology has been proposed. The approach is based on enhancing intelligence and logic capabilities in the physical layer without causing changes in the other OSI layers of the communication network. Low-cost and low-profile circularly polarized antenna arrays and beam-switching feed networks are fundamental building blocks in this approach. A broadband long-slot antenna array fed by simplified microstrip structures was designed to cover the frequency band of 4–6 GHz. For lower profile, a narrower band (4.4–5.1 GHz) high-gain stacked-patch-antenna array with annular gap was also developed. For low cost and fast beam switching, a compact broadband microstrip-based 8 × 8 Butler matrix was realized with a compact crossover. The antenna arrays and the Butler matrix were fabricated and experimentally characterized. Simulation results were verified with the measured results, as well as the beam-switching capability of the antenna arrays and the Butler matrix.