Mould pressure control in rotational moulding

Abstract

The technology of the rotational moulding of plastics has improved dramatically in recent years due to the recognition that measuring the temperature inside the mould is fundamental to process control. The next major advance will be made when the benefits of controlling the pressure inside the mould are fully utilized. A drawback of the rotational moulding process has always been the surface pinholes and internal bubbles that occur in the moulded part. These occur because, as the powder particles melt and coalesce, they trap pockets of air and it takes a considerable time for these to disappear. It is known that factors such as the viscosity of the polymer melt, the shape of the powder particles, the particle size and size distribution, the mould release agent and the metal used for the mould all affect the pinholing problem. However, the major factor that influences pinhole removal is mould pressure. If pressure is applied at a strategic point in the heating cycle, it can force trapped air out of the melted plastic. Indeed the use of mould pressurization can offer additional benefits such as cycle time reduction and significant improvements in the mechanical properties of the moulded part. However, few moulders make any attempt to monitor or control the mould pressure, mainly because its effect is not understood. This paper explains why mould pressure control throughout the moulding cycle is crucial to the rotational moulding industry in terms of, firstly, achieving good part quality and, secondly, reducing cycle times. It is also suggested that a fundamental change from passive venting to active venting of the mould is an important development that must occur in this industry.