Motives Behind Dairy Product Purchasing Decisions Among Polish Doctors: An Age-Based Analysis.

In general, dairy products are well regarded for their nutritional value. Consumer perception of dairy products is influenced by many interrelated factors but healthiness remains one of the key attributes and values for consumers. Furthermore, contemporary consumers increasingly seek out dairy products with additional health benefits and, therefore, it is essential to explore which attributes are important drivers of food choices and how producers can better respond to shifting consumer values and needs in each dairy product category. Therefore, the aims of the study were: (a) to identify consumer segments based on the importance they attached to selected attributes of dairy products, (b) to explore differences between the identified segments in their perceptions of health-related attributes of dairy products, (c) to determine if health-related aspects influenced consumers decisions to buy high-quality dairy products, and (d) to identify if consumers were open to novelties in dairy products. The data were collected within a CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) survey on a representative sample of 983 adult Polish consumers. The non-hierarchical K-means clustering method was used to identify four clusters of consumers, namely: Enthusiastic, Involved, Ultra-involved and Neutral. Enthusiastic consumers attach more importance to the influence of dairy products on immunity and are more willing to agree with the opinion that dairy products are a source of mineral nutrients as well as vitamins. Ultra-involved and Involved consumers pay less attention to some health aspects of dairy products compared to other clusters; however, the Ultra-involved are more quality-oriented than are the Involved. Neutral consumers are more open to accept changes on the dairy product market and are relatively more inclined to choose new dairy products. However, these consumers have scored lower on those aspects related to the healthiness of dairy products and, in order to target them effectively, it is essential to develop well-tailored communication strategies highlighting the health benefits of dairy products. These results relate to the Polish market and are important for the development of new dairy products and for targeting public nutrition as well as for directing marketing communication. The results may provide important insights for those who develop educational strategies and campaigns.

The production sectors and markets of the dairy and grape-wine sectors are of great strategic importance not only for the sustainable and balanced functioning of the entire consumer segment, but also for ensuring the food and national security of our country at the proper level. At the beginning of the study, an analysis of the development of domestic dairy production in historical retrospect was carried out. Further, a multifactorial assessment of the main problems and risk situations inherent in modern dairy production was carried out. In particular, it was found that today one of the key constraining factors for the sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding in the Russian Federation is the lack of a clear organization and effective work in the field of reproductive and breeding farming. They also identified internal reasons that hinder the development of domestic dairy farming and identified strategic directions in the context of the organization of high-tech enterprises in the field of dairy cattle breeding. Further, the assessment of the milk and dairy products market itself was carried out (the dynamics of production and consumption, the balance of imports and exports, the level of self-sufficiency, prices, main producers, the structure of production by categories of farms). In addition, the issue related to the loss of milk in the areas of production and consumption was worked out. The key factors that will influence the development of the domestic industry market in the short term are identified. The assessment of the world market of milk and dairy products (production volumes, consumption, market leaders, strategic goals, tasks and development scenarios in the long term) was carried out. The monitoring of the grape and wine sector included the following estimated parameters (the volume of grape harvest, the area of vineyard planting, sales of wine products, the main problems and factors constraining sustainable development). In particular, special attention was paid to the problem of illegal use of imported wine material. In conclusion, a set of state initiative solutions was proposed in order to give a stable trend to the development of the domestic wine industry.

This study explores consumer segmentation in the non-food dairy value-added products market, specifically focusing on products like goat milk soaps and lotions. Leveraging psychographic factors – including locavorism, community attachment, health consciousness, societal responsibility, and sustainability values – the study investigates how these dimensions influence consumer behavior within the cosmetic and personal care sectors. Grounded in Self-Concept Theory and a modified application of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the research establishes a clear theoretical framework that links psychographic factors to competitive market dynamics. Self-Concept Theory explains how consumers’ self-perception, including their identification with local communities and alignment with ethical and sustainable values, influences their preferences for locally sourced products. The application of TPB focuses primarily on attitudes (e.g. health consciousness, sustainability values) and subjective norms (e.g. societal responsibility, community support), as these components strongly predict consumer intentions and behaviors in this context. Together, these theories elucidate the psychological and behavioral mechanisms that drive consumer segmentation and offer actionable insights for competitive differentiation. Using a survey of 420 participants, the study measures variables tied to psychographic constructs, such as locavorism, community attachment, and sustainability values, as well as their influence on purchase behaviors. Cluster analysis identifies distinct consumer segments, revealing that motivations such as locavorism, health consciousness, and societal responsibility significantly drive demand for ethically produced products. These findings demonstrate how psychographic segmentation not only highlights consumer preferences but also provides local producers with actional insights to differentiate their products effectively in a crowded market. This research provides practical implications for local dairy producers, emphasizing the importance of targeting specific consumer segments through tailored messaging and product strategies that resonate with consumers’ intrinsic values. By aligning products with consumer identities and leveraging insights from psychographic factors, producers can foster stronger customer loyalty and achieve sustainable growth in the non-food diary value-added products market.

Introduction. Successful development of the national agro-product sector is impossible without improving the system of market relations between economic entities. The market of milk and dairy products today is one of the most promising markets for agricultural raw materials and food. The decrease in the actual level of the population provision in Ukraine with dairy products in recent years is relevant to studies that characterize the interaction of key elements of the market as part of a single economic system. Objective. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the composition of the system elements of economic relations between participants in the modern market of milk and dairy products in Ukraine and assess the current state of its development. Methods. Some methods and techniques of scientific knowledge have been used in the process of scientific research: abstract-logical (in forming the logical-structural scheme of the economic relations system of milk market participants and dairy products), monographic and economic-statistical (in assessing the current state of market development), methods of analysis and synthesis (in the formalization and evaluation of the factors effect on the development of market processes), the method of scientific comparison. Results. It is determined that the system of economic relations of milk market participants and dairy products is based on a set of levers of the market mechanism of management (demand, supply, price, competition) and the balance of economic interests of each of its subjects. Price is the main lever that balances the economic interests of dairy market players. The modern price mechanism of the market of milk and dairy products contributes to the profitable management of the dairy industry, however, do not provide food security and a sufficient level of consumption of dairy products by the population. The estimation of volumes of production and supply of milk, market balance, level of supply and consumption of dairy products by the population is carried out. The analysis of price tendencies of the market of milk and dairy products in the context of development of the world market of milk is also carried out. The main directions and volumes of state financial support of the dairy industry of Ukraine have been determined. The main problematic aspects of the development of the domestic market of milk and dairy products are: reduction of production of milk raw materials, low quality, low level of effective demand for dairy products by the population, intensification of competition in the market and increased participation of foreign dairy companies. Prospects. Prospects for further research are to identify and assess the economic benefits of the economic system of the market of milk and dairy products in Ukraine. Keywords: economic relations; market; system; milk and dairy products; agricultural production; dairy cattle breeding.

Competition in the market of dairy products is an important requirement for its existence and development, forcing market operators to introduce more efficient production methods, to offer new concepts and cost proposals, to start working in new segments. Since the main milk producers in Ukraine are agricultural enterprises is extremely important is the proper formation of the market of dairy products in Ukraine, one of the main conditions of formation of which is the high level of competition between manufacturers. The existence of effective competition that balances the interests of subjects of market relations, stimulate innovation and competition in all spheres of activities, is one of the main conditions of development of economy of Ukraine. This competition opens up new opportunities for production improvement and develops the optimal structure of market supply and demand contributes to the optimization of production costs. The aim of this article is to assess the level of monopolization and competition in the market of milk and dairy products of Ukraine based on the index of market concentration, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, a measure of dispersion, index of entropy, the Lorenz curve. The distribution of market shares among producers of dairy products was carried out based on exponential distribution law, on the basis of which the simulated distribution of smaller producers, which provide dairy products 45% percent of the market of Ukraine. Assessment of the level of monopolization and competition of the dairy market of Ukraine has allowed systematizing a set of operators of the dairy market and gave an opportunity to find out the percentage of coverage of the domestic market of processing of milk and production of dairy products. During the research, it was found that the market of dairy production in Ukraine is highly competitive that is a positive factor for further development of this market.

Dairy cattle breeding is the leading animal husbandry sector that takes an essential share in the structure of gross agricultural output, provides access to nutritious food, and secures the continuous flow of funds for economic entities throughout a year. Meanwhile, a stable trend towards the reduction of cow number at agricultural enterprises and households, reduction of milk production and processing, and growing counterfeiting of dairy products has been observed lately. Therefore, the population tends to consume less milk and dairy products. Thus, there is a need to conduct research to determine the factors impacting the regional milk and dairy products market and the perspectives of its further development. The paper aims to determine the perspectives for further development of the regional milk and dairy products market. It stipulates the need to solve the following tasks: to analyze the production and sales of milk by agricultural enterprises and households and production and sales of dairy products; to determine the factors impacting the regional milk and dairy products market; to determine the ways for further development of the regional milk and dairy products market in Sumska oblast. The paper examines the actual condition of the milk and dairy products market in Sumska oblast. In particular, the production and sales of milk by agricultural enterprises and households and production and sales of dairy products are analyzed; the factors impacting the regional milk and dairy products market are determined; the perspectives for further development of the regional milk and dairy products market in Sumska oblast are suggested.

To examine and compare the technical efficiency of dairy sector and the beef sector, this research introduced the main indicators of milk and beef production in the world, EU and Hungarian aggregates. Based on the data it can be said that the milk and beef production of Hungary does not occupy any significant position in the world as well as in the European Union neither today nor even in the past. If Hungry must compete in the European counties and international market, their dairy sector must focus to increase of their production efficiency as the key breakthrough point. This paper we compared technical efficiency of both dairy and beef sectors in total, for the year 2014 and 2015 separately and based on the farm size. The specific objectives of the research are: comparing dairy and beef farms efficiency in Hungary. Based on the results, we can determine which sector in Hungary is more effective. The second objective is to compare the efficiencies of both the sectors in 2014 and 2015 separately and from the results we can determine which year was more effective in terms of production efficiency and the third objective of the research is technical efficiency comparison of certain economic sizes for both sectors. In the research, we used (KOVACS, 2009) deterministic (DEA) model adapted to the Hungarian dairy farms and beef farms. For the dairy farms milk and dairy products as well as meat (other income). The input factors originated from the domestic AKI - FADN database. Summarizing the results of the research it can be conclude that the dairy sector is more effective than the beef sector in Hungary. In terms of years compared 2014 was more effective for both sector as compared with 2015. In regards to the farm size almost the same result in evaluating the scale of efficiency, which means that large economies can in most cases, manage resources more efficiently than small farms. In the examined years, based on the results of the DEA model, the VRS technical efficiency of the test for these two years was 72.90% for the dairy farms and 63.60% for the beef farms, which means that the dairy sector is more efficient than the beef sector in Hungary. The VRS technical efficiency of the research was 82.10% in 2014 and 75.10% in 2015 for the dairy farms and 77.50% in 2014 and 68.90% in 2015 for the beef farms, which means that both the dairy sector and the beef sectors followed the same trend and were more efficient in 2014 compared to the efficiency in 2015. The large size dairy farms were most effective in Hungary in the examined period (90.90%). VRS technical efficiency for small farms is 88% and the total number of small, the technical efficiency medium farms was 72.80% For the beef sector VRS technical efficiency for small farms is 71.30% and the technical efficiency medium farms was 74.40% and 70% of the beef meat producing farms in Hungary are medium sized. So, the conclusion is the small size dairy farms have a higher VRS efficiency than the small size beef farms whereas medium sized beef farms had higher VRS efficiency than the medium size dairy farms. As a conclusion, both dairy and beef sectors in Hungary have the potential to overcome technology and knowledge constraints and attain the upmost attainable productivity level through improvements in; farmer volume of production i.e. output, beef cattle technologies, and advertising, and the efficiency of the technology transfer process.
 JEL Code: Q13

Topicality. The market of milk and dairy products is of strategic importance for ensuring food security of the country in the war and post-war periods. The importance of this market is determined by the high social importance of dairy products, which are an important component of the population's diet. At the same time, the institutional support for the functioning of the market of milk and dairy products does not fully meet the conditions and challenges of wartime, which requires additional research.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the institutional problems of the development of the domestic market of milk and dairy products, to develop proposals for improving the institutional regulation of the relevant market in the war and post-war periods.Materials and Methods. The results of the theoretical generalization of scientific works and methodological approaches in the field of the dairy market, which are highlighted in publications of a fundamental and applied nature, as well as the analysis of the norms of the current legislation regulating legal relations between the subjects of the dairy market, form the informational and methodological basis of the study. Methods of systemic, structural-logical, comparative, and statistical analysis were used to solve the tasks.Research results. The study identified institutional problems in the development of the domestic market of milk and dairy products, including: lack of regulatory and technological regulation of the use of lower-class dairy raw materials; imperfect state support mechanisms for the export of dairy products with added value; lack of state regulation of the production and sale of competitive plant-based dairy products. A structural analysis of the types of state support for the dairy market was conducted; ensuring state control and supervision in the field of production, processing, sale, export and import of dairy products; international cooperation in the field of safety and quality of milk, dairy raw materials and dairy products. The directions of state policy regulating the activity of milk market subjects are summarized.The peculiarities of using the mechanism of public-private partnership for the development of the dairy market of Ukraine in the war and post-war periods are determined. Attention is focused on the need for state participation in supporting commodity producers in the subject-object dimension. A conceptual idea regarding the application of the public-private partnership mechanism in solving the problem of reducing unrealized grain remains by using it in the fodder base of the raw market sector through state procurement for technological animal breeding and dairy raw material production is offered. It is substantiated that in the post-war period, a promising mechanism for restoring and modernizing the market of milk and dairy products can be a public-private partnership based on state orders.Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the development of theoretical foundations for the improvement of national legislation in order to regulate the development of the dairy market in the conditions of security risks and internal transformations, solving the strategic tasks of recovery in the war and post-war periods. The practical significance of the obtained results is determined by the possibility of using scientific and applied principles of research by authorities at different levels in the course of improving the mechanisms of regulating the dairy market in conditions of instability.

Introduction. The article analyses current trends in milk production and consumption in the world, taking into account the latest factors of product competitiveness in the global milk market and the growing interest of consumers in plant substitutes for animal milk. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, world dairy production continues to grow, with Asia experiencing the largest increase since 2019. The next decade will create great opportunities for the dairy industry in the world. The increase in demand will be accelerated by the globalization of the industry, which will form consolidation in order to efficiently use resource potential, ensure a sustainable supply of milk and stable profits for producers. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study current trends in milk production and consumption in the world, taking into account the latest factors of product competitiveness in the global milk market and the growing interest of consumers in plant substitutes for animal milk. Method (methodology).The methodological basis of the study is scientific work on the current state and trends in production and milk consumption in the world. Dialectical, systemic and synergetic approaches were used at all stages of the study; methods of general scientific knowledge: comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Statistical analysis was used as specific methods. Results. The results of the study allowed us to draw conclusions about the social significance of dairy production. Globalization with a significant impact on domestic and international trade in the dairy industry will accelerate in the coming years, as more and more consumers seek to include dairy products in their daily diet to promote good quality and healthy natural products. One of the current trends in the world food market is a significant increase in consumption of plant foods. At present, each country faces a difficult task to develop an effective strategy for the development of natural dairy products in such conditions. The development of the world dairy market is influenced by various factors that determine the volume of production and consumption of dairy products, associated primarily with global changes in consumer preferences, increasing demand for goods in cheaper price segments, population growth, especially in developing countries, as well as economic development and overall welfare of mankind. In the context of globalization, an important factor in the world market is the economic policy of major countries that export and import milk and dairy products. In recent years, trade wars have begun to intensify, in particular between key players in the global market, which negatively affects the market for natural milk and dairy products and hinders its development. as well as with economic development and the general growth of human well-being. In the context of globalization, an important factor in the world market is the economic policy of major countries that export and import milk and dairy products. In recent years, trade wars have begun to intensify, in particular between key players in the global market, which negatively affects the market for natural milk and dairy products and hinders its development. As well as with economic development and the general growth of human well-being. In the context of globalization, an important factor in the world market is the economic policy of major countries that export and import milk and dairy products. In recent years, trade wars have begun to intensify, in particular between key players in the global market, which negatively affects the market for natural milk and dairy products and hinders its development.

The purpose of the article is an analytical investigation of the current condition of milk and dairy products market in Ukraine and the study of trends of its development. Methodology of the study The authors of the article analyzed the work of scientists on the market of milk and dairy products. The statistical, analytical and expert assessment of specialists in the dairy industry, which is represented in the works of scientists in the Internet sources, is considered. Processing of analytical information involved the use of a system of both general and special research methods. Method of analysis, synthesis, theoretical knowledge, conclusions and generalizations are among them. The article deals with the analysis of the state of milk and dairy products market in Ukraine. Trends in dairy consumption are considered. The research identified and analyzed a number of negative factors in the dairy industry that affected the domestic and foreign markets of Ukraine: a decrease in the number of cows, a decrease in the number of processing enterprises, high cost of raw materials, purchasing power of the population, increases in imports. The impact of negative factors contributed to the immediate intervention of the state in order to stop the decline of the dairy industry by means of a number of measures which include: increasing the number of cows, investing in the dairy industry and state support, increasing milk production per year and increasing milk processing, ensuring competitiveness of domestic products on domestic and foreign markets, increasing the consumption of dairy products as well as increasing exports of dairy products. The market of milk and dairy products of Ukraine is characterized by a negative development tendency, which is determined by the low level of consumption of these products, reduced production and processing of milk, increases in imports. The negative dynamics of the development of milk and dairy products market has influenced the development of a number of measures to stop the decline of the dairy industry, which is represented in the National Program for the Development of the Dairy Industry until 2030.

The dairy sector has an important role in the world food system, with a variety of products consumed by people worldwide. This paper aims to analyze the recent situation of the milk and dairy products sector, from the perspective of milk sources and resources on the dairy products market. Recent data show that in the European Union, the total milk production exceeds 160.8 million tons, of which 96.5% is cow’s milk. Romania has a significant increase in demand for milk and dairy products, driven both by the evolution of the dairy market at European and national level, and by changes in consumer preferences, which are increasingly oriented towards a healthier diet. The research methods used in this paper are structural data analysis, comparative analysis, studying trends based on regression equations and graphical representation of data. The main research questions formulated in the paper refer to the recent breed structure of cattle, sheep, goats, and buffaloes, as sources of milk production, the types of milk-supplying farms, productions of milk and milk products, milk imports and exports. The research showed that households, along with commercial farms, constitute an important source of marketable milk, and that the dairy sector’s resources come from a combination of commercial and non-professional farms. Also, the internal supply is completed by an important offer from imports. Regarding milk prices at the farm gate, it has always been a subject of dissatisfaction for farmers, who have not always covered their production costs. The present paper realizes an overview and provides important data on the recent situation on the milk sector sources and resources, that are currently facing several challenges.

The paper is focused on dairy sector with the emphasis on the development of consumption of milk and dairy products, including cheese, curd and other dairy products, in the last 15 years in the Slovak Republic and in the Czech Republic. The aim of the paper is to identify the level of milk and dairy products consumption, as well as to identify the main determinants affecting the consumption. Paper is also aimed at milk production with emphasis on the main problems that may affect future development on the dairy market. The primary data are obtained by consumer survey and survey aimed focused on producers of milk and dairy products. Based on the results we have identified that the milk and dairy products consumption by Slovak consumers is lower compared to the Czech Republic and the quality and price are considered as the main determinants influencing the consumption. We also found out that milk and dairy products producers are adapting their production to demand, but it is important to point out the barriers related in particular to the introduction of new technologies into production, rising input prices or growing consumer disinterest in the consumption of milk and dairy products.

Topicality. In the face of challenges and threats, the priority task of the state in terms of regulation is to provide the population with sufficient food of appropriate quality. One of the priority tasks is to create an effective mechanism for the development of commodity markets. Maintaining sufficient food supply (for domestic consumption) during the war period and restoring Ukraine's agricultural potential in the first postwar period depends on the availability and quality of the raw material sector - agriculture - which requires economic science to formulate new approaches and develop new methods and mechanisms to ensure its development. Crop production is more mobile and relatively easier to restore, while livestock production has certain peculiarities due to the physiological characteristics of animals, requirements for their maintenance and reproduction. Accordingly, support for this industry should be more balanced and comprehensive. And given the fact that almost half of the agricultural production is produced by households (private farms), this category of business entities requires special attention and support at the national, regional and local levels (the level of amalgamated territorial communities). Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to identify areas for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the Ukrainian market of milk and dairy products during the war and the first period of post-war recovery. Objectives of the study: based on the analysis of trends in the development of the market of milk and dairy products and existing mechanisms of state support, to identify priority areas for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of its functioning, taking into account global trends in the context of restructuring the global economic order. Materials and methods. The study is based on the work of domestic scholars on the analysis of the state, development trends, institutional support and directions of development of the milk and dairy products market. In order to conduct an analytical review, official data published by the State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine were used to outline the trends in the milk and dairy products market. To summarize the institutional framework, we used regulatory documents of various levels and agencies. The main methods used in the study were: systemic and structural approach, induction and synthesis, statistical method; for visual presentation of the results - the method of graphical and tabular display of data. Research results. The article analyzes the trends in the development of the Ukrainian market of milk and dairy products. It was found that the trends in reducing the number of dairy cattle in the pre-war period continued during the war. In addition, the situation was exacerbated by the constant destruction of farms, milk commodity enterprises and the physical destruction of cows. It was determined that during the war there was a decrease in the number of cows by 18.2% (2024 compared to January 2022), while the average rate of decline did not exceed 8%. Accordingly, there is a decrease in gross production and, as a result, milk processing. The average purchase prices for milk in Ukraine as of 2023 increased by 14.4%, including: from the population by 7.1 and from enterprises by 14% and amounted to 7732.9 and 12181 UAH/t, respectively. It is shown that despite the constant shelling and the risks of losing not only profits but also dairy farms in general, Ukrainian producers are working on quality to bring closer the prospects of entering international markets. In particular, in 2023, the share of extra milk increased by 7.7%, while the share of 2nd grade milk decreased from 27.1% to 24.2%. The study determined that the market of milk and dairy products is a priority for the formation of a stable food system in Ukraine and therefore requires special attention from the state in terms of support and incentives to increase not only production volumes but also the quality of both milk and its processed products. Conclusion. It has been determined that in the wartime and the first postwar period, agricultural development should be carried out in compliance with the conditions of complexity and systematicity. It is necessary to strive for a balance in the development of agricultural sectors, namely, to maintain a balance between crop and livestock production due to their interdependence and complementarity. The analysis of the existing mechanisms and algorithms for obtaining state aid for dairy farms has shown their imperfection, in particular in relation to private farms. We have identified "information gaps" that complicate the process of receiving not only assistance, but also information on existing programs and projects. We consider it necessary to create an institution at the local level that will coordinate and facilitate the implementation of the Post-War Recovery Plan of Ukraine in terms of agricultural revival - the Center for Agricultural Development. By cooperating with government agencies and information and advisory centers, extension services, and research institutions, this center will bridge the "information gap" and save time in implementing government programs and initiatives.

Assessing the factors and constraints for value chain development of dairy food products in Bangladesh

Milk consumption is a very important part of consumers’ daily diet due to its positive health effect. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the market of milk and dairy products. The paper analyzes the development of milk consumption in V4 countries, which was described by using regression functions. The data were obtained from the statistical offices of chosen countries. Based on the achieved results it was found that in Slovakia and Hungary milk consumption is very low, but in the Czech Republic and Poland consumption is recorded in the range of recommended doses and is sufficient. Looking to the future, based on the described trend of consumption, it is possible to assume that the situation in the Slovak Republic will be accompanied by unfavorable developments and in comparison with other V4 countries, Slovakia will consume the least milk and dairy products per capita. Moreover, a questionnaire survey orientated on the level of milk consumption and consumer behavior was conducted on the sample of 518 respondents. Average Slovak consumers consume daily 1 glass of milk, 20 g of cheese, 70 g of curds, and 250 g of sour-milk or other dairy product. Depending on the level of consumption, 3 consumer segments were defined for which different consumer behavior was identified, especially in the issue of factor assessment. In general, however, it is concluded that the quality and price of milk and dairy products are crucial for consumers to make their choice. AcknowledgmentThis paper is supported by the Operational Program Integrated Infrastructure within the project: Demand-driven research for the sustainable and innovative food, Drive4SIFood 313011V336, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund.