Motivation-Regulation Strategies of Female and Male Indonesian EFL Undergraduate Students in Thesis Writing

This research aim is to find out the male and female undergraduate student’s motivation and self-regulated learning. The instrument used is the standardized instrument named MSLQ (Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire) from Pintrich and DeGroot. The factors of motivation and self-regulated learning are: Self Efficacy, Intrinsic Factor, Test Anxiety, Cognitive Strategy Use, and Self Regulation. The respondents are 188 undergraduate students from statistics classes, in Universitas Advent Indonesia. The method used in this research is quantitative method with descriptive analysis and the difference between mean analysis. The result shows that averagely the female and male students in Universitas Advent Indonesia have high category in self-efficacy, Intrinsic Value, Cognitive Strategy Use, Self-regulation, and moderate category of Test Anxiety. Overall, the female and male motivation and self-regulated learning are high. Further, it is found that the difference between female and male undergraduate students’ test anxiety is statistically significant, but the other factors: self-efficacy, intrinsic value, cognitive strategy use, and self-regulation, the difference is not statistically significant. As a whole, the difference between female and male undergraduate students’ motivation and self-regulated learning is not statistically significant.

Depressive disorders are the most typical disease affecting many different factors of humanity. University students may be at increased risk of depression owing to the pressure and stress they encounter. Therefore, the purpose of this study is comparing the level of depression among male and female athletes and non-athletes undergraduate student of private university in Esfahan, Iran. The participants in this research are composed of 400 male and female athletes as well as no-athletes Iranian undergraduate students. The Beck depression test (BDI) was employed to measure the degree of depression. T-test was used to evaluate the distinction between athletes and non-athletes at P≤0.05. The ANOVA was conducted to examine whether there was a relationship between level of depression among non-athletes and athletes. The result showed that the prevalence rate of depression among non-athlete male undergraduate students is significantly higher than that of athlete male students. The results also presented that level of depression among female students is much more frequent compared to males. This can be due to the fatigue and lack of energy that are more frequent among female in comparison to the male students. Physical activity was negatively related to the level of depression by severity among male and female undergraduate students. However, there is no distinct relationship between physical activity and level of depression according to the age of athlete and non-athlete male and female undergraduate students. This study has essential implications for clinical psychology due to the relationship between physical activity and prevalence of depression.

Metacognitive strategies have been investigated as helping tools for students’ reading comprehension, but their use may vary between males and females. Though gender is an essential factor in language learning, few studies highlighted the influence of gender on the metacognitive reading strategy use by Indonesian students. To fill in the gap, this study investigated the use of metacognitive strategies during academic reading from a gender perspective. A mixed-method was adopted, with open-ended and close-ended questionnaires and a semi-structured interview used to gather the data. From the quantitative data analysis, the students used most metacognitive strategies to a high degree. The only significantly different strategy use was guessing meaning (F=0.232, p<0.05), where male students used it more often. From the qualitative data analysis, the female students used more strategy variations than the male students (20 and 18 strategy variations respectively). The students shared some similar and some different reasons to use metacognitive reading strategies. The results suggested the gender influence on male students to make predictions. The findings from this research will prompt English teachers to introduce metacognitive strategies in reading through appropriate instructions and guidance to enable the students to implement and develop their metacognitive strategies in academic reading.

The objective of this study was to assess the predictive association among the big five personality traits and psychological distress among undergraduate students. The study also explored the frequency of Psychological Distress among undergraduate students. The hypothesis of the study were a) big five personality traits would predict the level of psychological distress among undergraduate students. b) there would be a higher prevalence of psychological distress among undergraduate students c) the level of psychological distress would be higher among female undergraduate students as compared to their male counterparts. The sample of the study consisted of 480 participants within the age range of 18-24 years from various departments of the University of Karachi. Participants were selected using purposive-convenient sampling technique. The measures used in the study were demographic form, big five inventory (John et.al, 2008) and the depression anxiety stress scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). With reference to the frequency of mental health problems, 52.70%, 67.70% and 40.62% undergraduate university students reported moderate to extreme level of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Findings are reflective of significant differences between male (M=45.5, SD= 22.8) and female (M=49.8, SD= 29.7) undergraduate students on the domain of Psychological distress (t (477) = 1.959, p< .05) showing that the level of psychological distress is higher in female students as compared to male students. Regarding the predictive association among big five personality traits and psychological distress, findings reflect a significant predictive impact of agreeableness (R2= .028, F=13.7, P<.001), conscientiousness (R2= .034, F=16.7, P<.001) and neuroticism (R2= .158, F=89.8, P<.001) on psychological distress among undergraduate students. In addition agreeableness and conscientiousness were found to be negative predictors causing 2.8 % and 3.4 % variance in the scores of psychological distress respectively. Conversely, neuroticism was found to be a positive predictor of psychological distress among undergraduate students causing 15.8 % variation. However extraversion (R2= .006, F=13.7, P>.001) and openness to experience (R2= .000, F=.000, P>.001) were found to be insignificant predictors of psychological distress among undergraduate students. The finding of the study highlights the importance of personality traits and its impact on the psychological well-being of students. These finding can be utilized for effective treatment planning in the domain of student counseling.

There is low level of physical activity among undergraduate. Participation in PE dwindles precipitously among both male and female undergraduate students. It has been noticed that Physical activity/physical exercise (PA/PE) rates tend to decline precipitously during the secondary school years leading to low physical activity and exercise(PA/PE) among undergraduate and college males and females students. This consequently led to pull of ill health, such as obesity (juvenile obesity) and arthritis (in older women), hyperlipidemia (excess fat), stress, fatigue and arteriosclerosis of the heart vessels. Sedentary behaviour is one of the strongest risk factors for many chronic diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, colon cancer, and depression. Due to the above the objectives of the study was to identify the relation between teacher led activity and the self efficacy of undergraduate students using self efficacy mode. Thus this study shows the impact of Teacher led physical exercise (PE) on the self efficacy of undergraduate male and female students in a private university in Ogun State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 male and female first year undergraduate students in a private institution. It adopted a two arm quasi experimental research design. Participants completed questionnaire on the demographic, the self efficacy structured questionnaires as well as the physical activity questionnaire form to assess the physical activity practices and behaviour of undergraduate students at pre and post intervention. The results showed that participant's ages ranged from 15 to 22 years. Participants aged 16 and 17 were in the majority, 147(24.5%) and 218(36.3%) respectively. Female students were more involved in the study than their male counterpart. Majority 379(65.2%) were females and the mean age of the students across the group was 17±2.45 years. The self efficacy measured showed that majority 349 (58.2%) of the students said that they can-not do at all, moderately can do were 167 (27.8%) while self efficacy rating on those that can do highly were 84 (14%). Self Efficacy means score (SEMS) was 10.71±4.o4 and the SEMS at post was 17.94 ±5.98. The result tested at 95% confidence interval was significant (p=0.000). The increment in practice of Physical activity means score due to improved self efficacy at baseline was 19.72±6.96 and at Post intervention was 43.43±11.14 were significant.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students and health-care professionals faced significant challenges, which had a negative impact on their mental health. Aims: This study aimed to assess the mental health of male and female undergraduate medical students and the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants and the Methodologies: After receiving institutional ethical clearance and the informed consent of the participants, this study was carried out on 591 medical students from a peripheral medical college in West Bengal during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. At intervals of 6 months, two surveys were conducted. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and Impact of Event Scale–Revised scale scores were evaluated in the Google Forms surveys. Using the t-test and the Chi-square test, the parameters of the two groups of students were compared. Results: On the initial assessment, neither group received a score that was significantly different from the other. Female students had significantly higher anxiety scores than male students on the second assessment. During the second pandemic wave, there was a significant gender difference in anxiety and stress levels (P = 0.001), with females experiencing higher levels of anxiety and stress. Conclusions: During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, female undergraduate medical students had higher stress and anxiety levels than their male counterparts, according to the current study. Therefore, it is possible to draw the conclusion that the spread of the pandemic had a greater negative impact on the mental health of female undergraduate students.

This study investigates stalking behavior campaigns between male and female university undergraduate students of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. The study also finds out the consequences of stalking behaviors of experienced male and female university students. A sample of 591 male and female undergraduate students of three public sectors universities was drawn through simple random sampling techniques. The 302 students out of 591 experienced stalking behaviors and results of victimization and its consequences were presented on a sample of 302 students, out of which 194 were female and 108 male students. The results reveal that 51% of students out of which 33% are female and 18% male experience stalking and 60% female and 19% male students report their relationship with the offender as ex-boy/girlfriend while 16% of male students mentioned their relationship with the offender as strangers. The study further shows significant results on stalking behavior campaigns as unwanted approaches like following, staring, hanging outside the department, library, cafeteria, as well as unwanted communication like phone calls, text messages, and contact through social media. Furthermore, the study shows significant results of stalking effects on female students’ victims. Keywords: Stalking, Prevalence, Victimization, Consequences, Students.

Self-regulation is an ability that helps the students to maintain their effort in achieving their goals. In self-regulation, students can plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning process. Self-regulation encompasses many aspects. One of them is motivation. Motivation is considered as one of the important aspects of the learning process. Concerning the educational context in Indonesia, thesis writing course is a compulsory course. However, students are required to do the task independently. Therefore, students have to be self-regulated learners during the process of thesis writing. This study aims to investigate students’ motivation-regulation strategies in thesis writing. There were 9 participants involved in this study. The participants were students of English Language and Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. This study belongs to mixed-method research. Questionnaire and interview were used as instruments to collect the data. The results of this study revealed that the participants used some motivation-regulation strategies, namely, self-consequating, environmental structuring, goal-oriented self-talk, interest enhancement, and attribution control. Additionally, the majority of the participants were apt to procrastinate writing their thesis. The implications are provided for undergraduate students, thesis advisor, and future researchers.

Writing skills are important for EFL learners, especially those in tertiary education where they are required to engage in English writing throughout their studies. While most English writing in tertiary education tends to be academic in nature, there are also narrative writings that are done by these students especially those who are majoring in English education or English literature. While there are many studies done on academic writing, there are few done on narrative writing. Therein the question lies as to if there are variations between male and female EFL students’ styles in narrative writing, which might influence how these writings are perceived or even evaluated. Therefore, this study is conducted to probe into stylistic variations between male and female undergraduate learners in their EFL character-based narrative writing. It employed descriptive qualitative methodology by way of document-based analysis. The stylistic features framework introduced by Rubin and Greene (1992) was used to distinguish writing styles between male and female undergraduate EFL students. It was found that female students applied majority of 13 stylistic features while writing which consisted of different connectives and pronouns with intensifiers alongside de-intensifiers and proximals and auxiliaries of possibility plus demonstratives. This led to more coherent and expressive writing style. The expressions of moral lessons from male students appeared shorter and indirect while female students' responses were both thorough and clear conclusions. The study proves that gendered language patterns in EFL writing tasks remain dominant thus generating implications for teaching approaches which support different writing approaches.

Background:In the present days, increasing trend of eating disorders are noticed among college students (both male and female) which can disturb their overall physiological and health status. It is more prevalent in metropolitan cities, like Kolkata. But, the existing literature about the physiological and nutritional status of the undergraduate college students of Kolkata is insufficient.Aim:Thus, the objective of this small-scale cross-sectional study is to report and compare the prevalence of malnutrition (both obesity and undernutrition) among undergraduate male and female college students of Kolkata, based on body mass index (BMI) and some direct and derived anthropometric measures describing the body composition of the subjects.Subjects and Methods:This cross-sectional study conducted in October-December 2011. The present investigation was carried out in randomly selected male (mean age 20.9 [2.25]) and female college students (mean age 20.3 [2.34]) of Kolkata. A total of 100 students of different colleges has participated, having the age of 18-22 years. Measures included a total of 24 variables which included thirteen direct anthropometric measures and 11 derived variables.Results:Analysis of collected data showed significantly higher BMI, fat mass, body adiposity index, but, lower waist-to-hip ratio, conicity index in female students. Anthropometric data also showed lower waist circumference and abdominal extension in female college students. Conversely, male students showed a higher fat free mass (FFM), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and thigh circumferences (TCs).Conclusion:Based on the findings of the present study, it can be reported that higher body fat distribution and increased propensity of being overweight/obese was observed in female students, though they have shown lower abdominal fat distribution, which is a cue of female physical attractiveness. However, male students are found to have a higher FFM, MUAC and TCs, which is the indicator of strength and energy.

Stress is worldwide phenomena. Undergraduate students are backbone of their families. Boys are considered normally to face stress at UG level as they are considered as future bread earners. This study was conducted to Assessing Personal stress of Undergraduates students on the basis of locale and gender in Prayagraj, district. For this study 200 undergraduate students comprising of male and female were randomly selected from college students. For data collection tool on Personal stress, was constructed and standardized by Dr. Arun Kumar Singh and Ashish Kumar Singh (2016). From the study it was found that there was a significant difference in Personal stress of male and female undergraduate students. So, it is stated that female undergraduate students have better Personal stress than Male undergraduate students. Undergraduate students are very less likely not to have any stress. personal stress impacts both physical and mental health. Gender specific studies for UG students are required as number of enrolled UG students is increasing compounding the personal stress problem. female’ UG students cannot be left behind to tackle stress on their own. skilling for more UG students could dampen personal stress as it would increase their employability and diversify job options in future. Locality induced personal stress is reflected in reduced well- being of rural UG students. personal stress arises due to interplay of a number of complex factors which could be differentiated from academic stress in UG students. it is found that female UG students tend to developed more personal stress than male UG students. the possible reasons indicating higher personal stress females could be resulted from the fact that there is higher unemployment rate among all UG students. since there has been rapid increasing gross enrolment ratio in females in UG courses their job seeking chances have increased. so, to grab newer opportunities in job market they tend to show higher personal stress. UG students from urban area displayed more traits point towards personal stress than their rural counterparts.

Introduction:This cross-sectional study examined variables associated with body image concern (BIC) and whether these associations differed between female and male students in Egypt. During the period 2009-2010, 3271 undergraduate students (1663 females, 1504 males) at Assuit University in Egypt completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed BIC and other socio-demographic and health related variables.Methods:Based on Cooper et al.’s Body Shape Questionnaire the authors categorized BIC into ‘no BIC’; ‘mild BIC’; and ‘moderate/marked BIC’. Multifactorial linear regression analysis examined the association between BIC and BMI, body image perception, lifestyle (physical activity, nutrition, smoking) and mental well-being variables (quality of life, finances-related stress, perceived stress, perceived health, depressive symptoms).Results:About 40% of the female students and 25.6% of male students reported having mild to marked BIC. The correlates of BIC did not exhibit striking differences between male and female students. For both genders, BIC was positively associated with BMI, body image perception as being too fat and with depressive symptoms. Self-rated health was inversely associated with BIC.Conclusion:These findings suggest that health promoting strategies should address the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and BIC, and should furthermore pay due attention to higher prevalence of BIC among female students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the reproductive health promoting behavior (RHPB) and related variables among male and female undergraduate students. Methods: The data were collected from July to August, 2014 from 528 students. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The results revealed that the intercourse experience was different according to gender. Average item scores of the RHPB were 2.99 in male and 3.04 in female students. The related factors of RHPB were major, onset of first intercourse experience, and reproductive health knowledge in male students. Numbers of sexual partner, onset of first intercourse experience, reproductive health knowledge in female students were related to RHPB. Conclusion: The results indicate that the RHPB program should be developed to manage the reproductive health of undergraduate students.

This paper focuses on the requirement of a comparative analysis between the level of literary interest area of vocation and linguistic intelligence of undergraduate (UG) students in order to demonstrate the student’s connection between literary area of vocation and linguistic intelligence can have practical implications for education, career development, and curriculum design while also adding to our understanding of how language and literature shape cognitive development and career choice. For this purpose, the researcher used a survey method along with two standardized tools: the Multiple Intelligence Inventory (MIS-ASPS) provided by Surabhi Agarwal and Dr. Suraksha Pal for testing linguistic intelligence, and the Vocational Interest Record (VIR-K) provided by Dr. S. P. Kulshrestha for assessing literary interest levels. 200 undergraduate students, 100 of whom were male and 100 of whom were female, made up the sample for the current study. They were selected using the random sampling method from five different colleges in the city of Aurangabad. The analysis of statistical data uses the statistical metrics mean, S.D., and t-test. In the same field, male students’ mean values are 8 and SD is 4.4, compared to female UG students’ mean values of 7.82 and 4.4 for the literary vocational interest area. As a result, using these numbers as a benchmark, it is evident that male undergraduate students have greater interest in the literary profession than female students. At the 0.05 level of significance, the resulting t value for the male and female groups is 0.29, which is lower than the table value of 1.96. As a result, there is little variation in literary careers between men and women. As a result, the null hypothesis is accepted. The obtain result in terms of linguistic intelligence, female UG students scored an average of 21.41 and a standard deviation of 22.74, whereas male students scored an average of 4.52 and a standard deviation of 5.97. At a significance level of 0.05, the obtained t value for both the male and female groups is 1.77, which is lower than the table value of 1.97. Therefore, there is no discernible difference in verbal intelligence between males and females. The null hypothesis is therefore accepted. The calculated average for the career interest area in literature is 7.91, with a standard deviation of 4.42. The average language intelligence score is 22.07, while the standard deviation is 5.52. When compared to the table value of 1.96 at the 0.05 level of significance, the derived t value of both the literary interest area of occupation and the level of linguistic intelligence of UG students is 29.5. As a result, the study found a clear disparity between UG students’ levels of linguistic ability and literary interest. This rules out the null hypothesis.

Background: In recent years more female students than males qualify to study in medical colleges of Bangladesh. Whether female students do better than males in their course exam is not known.Objective: To compare the 1st term physiology result between male and female undergraduate medical students.Method: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College, Noakhali during the period of June-August’13. One hundred and fifteen students of a selected public medical college of Bangladesh were enrolled purposively for the study. Written informed consent of students and authority was taken. Data on admission merit-score and1st term marks were collected. The written marks were scored out of 70 and oral out of 100. The result was classified as ‘passed’, ‘failed’ and ‘absent’. The statistical analysis was done by Student’s ‘t’ test and Chi-square test as applicable. P value <0.05 was significant.Result: Among the selected students male were 48 (41.74%). The mean admission merit-score of male and female students was similar (p>0.05). In 1st term exam the male and female students obtained similar marks in written (p>0.05) and in oral (p>0.05). When the result was categorized as ‘passed’, ‘failed’ and ‘absent’, still they yielded no significant difference between male and female students’ result (p>0.05).Conclusion: The result of male and female undergraduate medical students in the 1st term physiology exam was similar.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, December; 11(2): 47-49