Motivating the Motivators: Clinician Motivation and Communication Style for Physical Health Intervention With Young People Experiencing First-Episode Psychosis.

There are no literature reviews that have examined the impact of health-domain interventions, informed by self-determination theory (SDT), on SDT constructs and health indices. Our aim was to meta-analyse such interventions in the health promotion and disease management literatures. Studies were eligible if they used an experimental design, tested an intervention that was based on SDT, measured at least one SDT-based motivational construct, and at least one indicator of health behaviour, physical health, or psychological health. Seventy-three studies met these criteria and provided sufficient data for the purposes of the review. A random-effects meta-analytic model showed that SDT-based interventions produced small-to-medium changes in most SDT constructs at the end of the intervention period, and in health behaviours at the end of the intervention period and at the follow-up. Small positive changes in physical and psychological health outcomes were also observed at the end of the interventions. Increases in need support and autonomous motivation (but not controlled motivation or amotivation) were associated with positive changes in health behaviour. In conclusion, SDT-informed interventions positively affect indices of health; these effects are modest, heterogeneous, and partly due to increases in self-determined motivation and support from social agents.

Due to disparities in stroke risk among U.S. Hispanics, the need for culturally tailored, theory based effective health behavior change interventions persists. The purpose of this study was to examine self-determination theory (SDT) constructs related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a predominantly Mexican American population. The Stroke Health and Risk Education (SHARE) project was a cluster-randomized, faith-based behavioral intervention trial that enrolled Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) from Catholic Churches in Nueces County, Texas. Data regarding SDT constructs and dietary and physical activity behaviors were collected via computer-assisted interviews using standardized instruments at the baseline assessment. Of the 801 subjects who consented, 760 completed baseline interviews. After eliminating cases with missing data, 733 participants (617 MA and 116 NHW) were included in the analyses. Participants were predominantly Mexican American (84%) and female (64%), and had a median age of 53 years. There were no significant ethnic differences in any of the baseline SDT scale scores with the exception of higher autonomous motivation scores for exercise among MAs (7.00 vs. 6.67, p = 0.01). Demographic differences in mean SDT scale scores were identified for sex, age, and income. Perceived competence and autonomous motivation were both significant predictors of diet and physical activity behaviors. This study increases our understanding of SDT constructs relative to diet and physical activity in a large, predominantly Mexican American sample. The results indicate that SDT is an appropriate framework to address CVD behavioral risk factors in a predominantly Hispanic population.

Integrating meaning in life and self-determination theory to predict physical activity adoption in previously inactive exercise initiates enrolled in a randomized trial

"Motivation, Knowledge Sharing, and Need Satisfaction in Groups"

An Educational Program Based on Self-Determination Theory to Address Childhood Obesity in Primary Care Settings

Apathy and Functioning in First-Episode Psychosis

This study examines the relationship between secondary vocational students' perceived psychological needs and their autonomous learning motivation. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the research investigates how the basic psychological needs influence students' autonomous motivation. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study first employs qualitative research to explore the perceived psychological needs and manifestations of autonomous learning motivation among secondary vocational students. Subsequently, quantitative research is conducted to validate the qualitative findings and further explore the relationships between these variables. The results of reveal that vocational students perceive relatedness and competence as significant psychological needs that influence their autonomous learning motivation, while autonomy is not perceived as a prominent need. The study also identifies three dimensions of autonomous learning motivation among vocational students: interest in learning, post-graduation development, and passing school exams. Multiple regression analysis shows that perceived psychological needs have a significant positive predictive effect on autonomous learning motivation, with peer influence in the class having the highest explanatory power. The findings contribute to the cross-cultural application of SDT and provide practical insights for teachers to stimulate students' autonomous learning motivation by addressing their psychological needs.

One of the key questions in human behavior is how social environment facilitates individuals’ behavior change. Trans-contextual model (TCM) is an integration of social psychological theories; self-determination theory (SDTD), hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (HMIEM), and theory of planned behavior (TPB), and it is designed to determine the role of social agents on motivation and intended behavior. Specifically, TCM is a multitheory approach to understanding the processes by which forms of motivation toward educational activities in a classroom context lead to motivation toward similar activities and behaviors in out-of-school contexts. PURPOSE: The present study was a randomized controlled trial to examine the feasibility of the TCM on predicting physical education (PE) students’ autonomous motivation and its transfer to intended physical activity (PA) participation. METHODS: A three-wave data comprising six schools (3 experiment and 3 delayed treatment schools) and 408 (nexperimental = 198; ncontrol = 210) school students (Mage = 12.29). Participants were recruited based on their affiliation in a local school district, and the data were collected in a middle school setting in the mid-south United States during a seven week period. Primary outcomes of this parallel group study were student autonomous motivation in PE and exercise, PA intention, and PA. RESULTS: Firstly, the results showed that the intervention had a positive effect on students’ autonomous PE motivation via their perception of autonomy (β = .29, p < .01) explaining 51% in the changes in the students’ autonomous PE motivation (SDT premise). Secondly, autonomous motivation in PE was shown to predict autonomous motivation in exercise (β = .63, p < .01; R2 = .44). (HMIEM premise). Finally, autonomous motivation in exercise predicted PA through PA intention (TPB premise) explaining 35% of the changes in the variance of PA. In addition, a moderate indirect effect from autonomous exercise motivation via PA intention to PA emerged (β = .17, p < .01, CI 95% [.11, .22]). CONCLUSIONS: This study corroborated the central tenets of the TCM, and supported its feasibility on real life PE context. Future studies are needed to examine the long lasting effects of autonomy support on PA.

A number of obesity studies have been focused on identifying the relationships between socioeconomic status and physical activity involvement. In behavioral medicine, the limited data are available on obese people's physical activity and its related psychological predictors based on psychological theories. To identify the differences in physical activity and its related motivational attributes among normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents and to find the effect of body mass index (BMI) and the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) constructs in predicting physical activity. One thousand seventy-one students ranging from seventh to ninth grades were randomly selected from three junior high schools in Seoul (359 normal weight students, 468 overweight students, and 244 obese students). A Korean version of Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 and Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire were applied to measure the participants' motivational attributes and physical activity. Overweight and obese adolescents showed higher scores on amotivation and externally motivated regulations for physical activity than their normal weight counterparts. Internal regulation was more significant for physical activity in normal weight adolescent. However, there was no difference in physical activity among the three groups. Additionally, the findings identified that BMI and the SDT constructs were significant to explain physical activity. This study offers fundamental knowledge in gaining a clearer understanding of the types of motivation most likely to contribute to the initiation and promotion of physical activity in overweight and obese adolescents.

The Utility of Self-Determination Theory in Predicting Transition Readiness in Adolescents With Special Healthcare Needs

Autonomous motivation, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise in rheumatoid arthritis: Randomised controlled trial

In type 2 diabetes control, self-management is an effective way to minimize the risk of developing complications and improve the quality of life. Self-determination theory (SDT) proposed a promising explanatory framework to predict self-regulated behavior which was particularly relevant for self-management. This study aimed to investigate whether SDT constructs can affect the self-management and controlling glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in type 2 diabetic patients or not. This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2022 at two diabetes clinics in Zahedan. The study included 300 patients with type 2 diabetes. Data collection was done using a researcher-administrated questionnaire that included demographic data, diabetes self-care activities, and self-determination constructs including autonomous support, autonomous motivation, and perceived competence. The mean of the overall score of self-care activities was 34.62 ± 11.86 out of a maximum of 70. Patients in the fourth quarter (wealthiest) of the socioeconomic status had the highest mean self-care score (P = 0.003). There was a significant relationship between diet score with perceived competence (P = 0.009). Perceived competence (P<0.001) and controlled self-regulation (P<0.001) were the predictors of exercise score in diabetes patients. Independent self-regulation (P<0.001, r = 0.21) and overall self-regulation (P = 0.001, r = 0.19) were significantly related to blood-glucose testing score. There was a significant relationship between foot care score with perceived competence (P = 0.048, r = 0.11) and autonomous support (P = 0.013, r = 0.14). Multiple regression showed that exercise was the predictor of HbA1c (P = 0.014). Exercise is crucial for achieving good individualized glycemic control and reducing the risk of diabetes complications. The findings provided valuable insights into the determinants of self-care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes and underscore the need for interventions that address socioeconomic disparities, enhance perceived competence, and provide autonomy support to improve diabetes self-care.

Background: Self-determination theory (SDT) has increasingly been used as a theoretical framework for evaluating key elements of the recovery paradigm in rehabilitation and mental health services research and policy-making for people living with severe mental illnesses.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Behavioral Regulation in Work Questionnaire (BRWQ), an adaptation of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2, as a measure of self-determined work motivation for use in psychiatric rehabilitation settings.Methods: One hundred and twenty-four individuals with severe mental illness were recruited from eight Clubhouse programmes in Hawaii. Factorial validity of the BRWQ was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis.Findings: Principal components analysis of the BRWQ yielded four factors (amotivation, external regulation, introjection and autonomous motivation). The autonomous motivation factor was found to be significantly related to other SDT constructs, including competency, relatedness, outcome expectancy and vocational rehabilitation engagement.Conclusions: The BRWQ is a psychometrically sound SDT measure for assessing self-determined work motivation and could contribute to the use of self-determination as a paradigm for improving recovery and employment outcomes of people with severe mental illness in rehabilitation settings.

Profiles of motivations for responsible drinking among college students: A self-determination theory perspective

Physical activity has the potential to improve the health of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), yet many patients with FEP remain inactive. Exploring the theoretical basis of the motivational processes linked to the adoption and maintenance of physical activity behaviours in FEP patients can assist with the design and delivery of physical activity interventions. Within the self-determination theory and the transtheoretical model (stages of change) frameworks, we investigated motives for physical activity adoption and maintenance in FEP. Overall 56 FEP patients (20♀) (24 ± 4 years) completed the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire 2 to assess exercise motives, and the Patient-Centred Assessment and Counselling for Exercise to determine stage of change. Gender and setting differences in motives for physical activity were compared with unpaired t-tests. The relationship between motives for physical activity and stage of change was investigated using anova with post-hoc Scheffe tests. No significant differences were found according to gender and setting. Multivariate analyses found significantly higher levels of amotivation and lower levels of autonomous motivation in the earlier stages of change. Our results suggest that in FEP patients, autonomous regulations may play an important role in the adoption and maintenance of physical activity behaviours. The study provides a platform for future research to investigate the importance of autonomous motivation within physical activity interventions for this population.