Mother-in-Law–Daughter-in-Law Relationship in the Current Korean Society

The East Asian model of economic development focuses on 5 shared characteristics that seem significant in the contemporary economic development of Japan Taiwan and Korea. They are economic characteristics and include 1) high investment ratios 2) small public sectors 3) competitive labor markets 4) export expansion and 5) government intervention in the economy. Large and efficient investments in human capital and well-developed capacities to absorb new technology are 2 other economic features shared by The Three. One could add overcrowding (high man/land ratios) and scarcity of natural resources though these are handicaps rather than sources of economic strength. It is possible however that virtue springs from necessity and that ample arable land or abundant natural resources mainly permit governments to postpone the difficult decisions needed to promote development rather than provide the wherewithal needed to finance development. Other noneconomic characteristics of The Three such as ethnic and linguistic homogeneity relatively compact geography manageable population size and the Confucian tradition have not been considered in the model even though they have undoubtedly influenced labor productivity savings behavior and other aspects of economic performance. Whether the East Asian model ought to be followed depends on whether current and foreseeable circumstances are sufficiently like those faced by The Three to justify using the same policies that they used. Applicability of the East Asian model should also depend on whether the strategy employed by The Three has been responsible for their economic success. 2 aspects of the East Asian models policy features are noteworthy: 1) the policies typically work by influencing rather than replacing private market decisions and 2) the public expects government to intervene to influence economic growth.

Translation universals hypothesizes that translational languages have conventional yet unique features of translations, distinct from those of non-translations, and these features are universally present in all translations regardless of language pairs. However, the verification of translation universals has been restricted mainly to genetically close language pairs, such as English and closely related European languages. To confirm its universality, this article investigated Korean-into-English translations in the literary genre, which have remained mostly unexplored in translation universals studies. By constructing an approximately 500,000-word comparable corpus the Comparable Corpus of American — and Korean Novels—this study tested four major sub-hypotheses: simplification, explicitation, normalization, and leveling-out. Setting aside the lexical density of simplification indices, the results from all the other indices—mean sentence length, proportions of high- and low-frequency words, normalized frequencies of connectives and lexical bundles, and standard deviations of lexical density and mean sentence length—supported the translation universals hypothesis, indicating its high generalizability.

Comments on Default Probability by Employment Status in South Korea

This article attempts to examine how elderly suicide is viewed in Korean novels, against the background that suicide rates are higher among older people in Korean society. Firstly, elderly suicide is caused by loneliness and alienation in some novels. Writers foreground some problems that people, especially elderly people, need to address. For example, not only people with negative personality traits but also people with positive personality traits can commit suicide when they cannot overcome disappointing words from their children; suicide is a greedy act if it is committed because of loneliness and alienation; elderly people need to humbly accept their lives, even though loneliness and alienation are unavoidable. Secondly, Korean novels make it clear that elderly suicide is closely related to Korean modern history. Old people experienced psychological trauma as they underwent the Korean War in the 1950s, the military dictatorship in the 1980s and the IMF crisis in the 1990s. When obsessed with a sense of guilt, older people sometimes commit suicide in order to atone for their wrongdoings. Thirdly, elderly suicide is depicted in positive terms in a novel, while suicide is usually considered to be a negative act. An elderly couple with physical illness commits suicide out of love for each other in hopes of reincarnation. This suicide is viewed as resolving the conflict between their daughter and her husband. In examining perspectives on elderly suicide as depicted in Korean novels, this article sheds light on reasons why some elderly people live unsound lives and suggests some solutions.

When we discuss critical discourse analysis, we are not only talking about assertions, but also about the structure and principles of discourse. Discourse principle and critical discourse analysis structures cannot be divorced from the connection or relationship between discourse and reality. The term "reality" refers to a collection of social creations established through discourse. The discourse analysis discussed in this paper will establish a foundation for understanding discourse as something other than a subject of language study, but as an intentional social practice. Discourse does not always occur in this manner, but has a definite goal intended to be communicated to the listener. It is not sufficient to evaluate the language parts alone while undertaking discourse analysis; one must additionally consider the context in which the speech is constructed. Not only does critical discourse analysis evaluate language in terms of linguistic studies or isolated parts of language, but it also analyzes language in relation to its environment. The context indicates that the language is being utilized for specific purposes and behaviors

In this article, the portrayal of daughters-in-law and the patterns of marriage life are examined through the serialized classic Korean novel <SoHyunSungRok>. It discusses the emotions felt by these women during marriage, as well as their feelings towards family members other than their mothers-in-law, thereby reflecting on the aspects of married life depicted in poetry by a woman after marriage and her response to it. The focus is primarily on the wives of SoHyunSung and UnSung : Madame Hwa, Madame Seok, Madame Yeo, and madame Hyeong, as well as Princess Myeonghyeon. Although the marriage lives of women in the late Joseon Dynasty are also depicted in literary works such as folk songs and poetry, these tend to focus on emotions or are relatively short. However, in classic Korean novels, the portrayal of daughters-in-law is subtly detailed, focusing on their psychology and responses. Madame Hwa is portrayed as a daughter-in-law who rebels slightly against her elders but quickly becomes obedient after admonition. Madame Seok is depicted as a daughter-in-law who calmly and perfectly responds by understanding the hearts of her husband and elders in advance. Madame Hyeong, being wise and patient, endures hardships caused by her husband's favoritism without losing her composure, showing a dignified attitude. Madame Yeo and Princess Myeonghyeon, though not experiencing married life, become troubled or are driven away or killed due to their negative attitudes towards married life. The daughters-in-law in <SoHyunSungRok> exhibit obedient and calm responses to married life. While they are capable of speaking frankly or expressing their opinions confidently compared to other classic Korean novels, they maintain a docile attitude towards their parents-in-law. This may be considered desirable behavior in the upper-class families that were the audience for contemporary novels.

Introduction South Korea has been known for its successful economic development in the post-World War II world economy. In 1960, the country's gross domestic production (GDP) per capita was just US$156, lower than Ghana's. However, it has rapidly grown since then, reaching $25,977 in 2013. In 1996, South Korea joined the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and become only the second Asian member of this rich countries’ club, after Japan. South Korea's economic development was mainly driven by exporting manufacturing goods. The country's exports rose from $122 million in 1960 to $703 billion in 2013, with manufacturing accounting for more than 80 per cent of the exports. It has become one of the ten largest trading economies in the world. The rapid expansion of exports was largely attributable to the constant upgrading of export product composition to higher value-added, more technologically sophisticated products, which coincided with upgrading the country's industry structure to focus on high-tech sectors, such as electronics and information technology (IT). In this regard, South Korea is an example of successful ‘economic upgrading’, defined as moving up to higher value-added activities with improved technology, knowledge and skills (Gereffi, 2005). In explaining South Korea's economic growth, two opposite explanations have been presented. A market-based perspective highlights export-push strategies, openness to foreign investment and technology transfer as the key factors of the growth (World Bank, 1993). In contrast, state-centred views emphasize the key role of the state's active industrial policy in prodding local firms to upgrade and compete in global markets (Amsden, 1989; Chang, 1993; Evans, 1995). The debate following the economic crisis of the late 1990s centred on the development state was eclipsed by a ‘neoliberal turn’, or its strength was maintained with newly mandated roles (Chu, 2009; Kalinowski, 2008; Pirie, 2008). Missing in these explanations, however, is the role of global–local linkages in economic development (Hamilton and Gereffi, 2009). Economic development and industrial upgrading take place in a global economic context and through the interaction of global and local actors. Furthermore, just focusing on macro-economic settings or the role of the state fails to explain commonalities and differences in the patterns and trajectories of upgrading across different sectors and time periods.

The suicide rate in South Korea has been the highest among the OECD countries for more than 10 years. In addition, the suicide rate among the rural elderly is much higher than that of the elderly in urban areas and that of younger generations. The purpose of this study was to examine the general tendencies of family ties, community consciousness and suicide ideation of the rural elderly in Korea. Also, this study aimed to verify the mediating effect of community consciousness between family ties and suicidal ideation. The data for this study came from 283 elderly people (over 65 years old) living in 11 villages in South Korea. The data was gathered from July to August 2013. Baron and Kenny's (1986) step based regression from the SPSS Win 18.0 program was used to analyze this data. This study also utilized the Sobel-test. The results of this study are as follows. First, the suicidal ideation of the respondents had a lower score than the median score. However, the magnitude of suicidal ideation was still significant. Second, this study found that family ties and community consciousness have both direct and indirect effects on the reduction of suicidal ideation. Lastly, this study examined the mediating effects of community consciousness. The findings of this study are of great significance because they reconfirmed the importance of establishing a social safety net in local communities to replace adult children who have relocated to urban areas.

The article examines the connections between the structural and semantic correspondences of th e terms of meteorology and landscape vocabulary of the Turkish and Yakut languages in comparison with the ancient Turkic language. Lexical correspondences are divided into lexical-semantic groups: “Heavenly bodies”, “Soil, landscape”. The quantitative relationship between the Turkish and Yakut languages, as well as their representation in the ancient Turkic language, is analyzed, and a comparative analysis of the semantic stability and variability of correspondences in relation to the Turkish, Yakut and ancient Turkic languages is carried out. The semantic characteristics of lexical units are given separately according to structural types. The relevance of the article is the insufficient knowledge of the problem and connections of the Yakut language with Turkish, with which it had family ties in the early period of its development. Goal: to identify lexical parallels of the Yakut and Turkish languages, describe their structural and semantic features, determine the relationship of Yakut with Turkish. Thus, the article sets the following objectives: identifying lexical correspondences between the terms of meteorology and landscape vocabulary of the Yakut, Turkish and ancient Turkic languages; determining the stability and variability of the structural forms of Yakut lexemes in relation to Turkish and ancient Turkic forms; establishing the degree of stability and variability of the semantic-thematic meanings of the nominal stems of the terms of meteorology and landscape vocabulary of the Turkish language in relation to the Yakut forms. The methodological basis of the study was compiled by the works of domestic and foreign scientists: O. N. Böhtlingk, V. V. Radlov, S. E. Malov, A. N. Kononov, N. A. Baskakov, E. V. Sevortyan, B. A. Serebrennikov, E. R. Tenishev, G. Dörfer, E. I. Ubryatova, K. M. Musaev, A. M. Shcherbak, N. Z. Gadzhieva, V. M. Nasilov, V. M. Nadelyaev, S. Kaluzhinsky, V. I. Rassadin, I. V. Kormushin, A. V. Dybo, O. A. Mudrak, A. G. Shaikhulov, N. N. Shirobokova, G. G. Levin, and others. The main methods of work were continuous sampling method when selecting material from dictionaries and monographic works, comparative method when comparing material from different languages, descriptive-analytical method, including comparison, description and generalization, interpretation. The comparative historical method and the method of statistical analysis were partially applied.

Every culture has its own tradition of intergenerational exchange based on accepted norms, while the meanings of traditional filial values have evolved over time. This paper aims to identify the various forms of filial care, support and respect for older people in Maori and Korean cultures, and reconceptualise current ways of intergenerational exchanges in both physical and virtual contexts. Data were collected through a qualitative inquiry framework consisting of 32 individual interviews and 5 ethnographic observations in New Zealand and South Korea. Thematic analysis of the data was used to identify themes and patterns from the participants’ perspectives and experiences in the multilingual research context. In this cross-cultural study, for Māori participants, whanaungatanga (family relationships) was recognised as a core value that places whanau (family) at the centre of whakapapa (human and non-human relations). For Korean participants, their tradition of filial piety has continued to constitute a major component of familism mindsets and practices, while their ability to support their parents and maintain connections to their ancestors varied. Being knowledgeable about the traditional values of intergenerational solidarity helped generations feel connected and supported by each other, although both monetary and non-monetary support for one’s elders has come under strain due to the impact of changes in family ties and social dynamics. Technological developments have reshaped traditional filial practices, offering new ways of intergenerational exchanges. Redefining whanaungatanga and filial piety can provide a theoretical basis for developing the concept of extended social work through avoiding excessive individualism and culture-blind approaches.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization in the 20th century have led to increasing volumes of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere[...]

This study examines the lives of marriage migrants, primarily coming from the Philippines to non-highly urbanised areas (i.e., “rural” areas) of South Korea. It looks at how these women negotiate gender norms and expectations in these multicultural families within the context of state-led multiculturalism. Semi-structured interviews with 20 Filipino marriage migrants were conducted from August to September 2023 in selected areas of Chungcheongnam-do (South Chungcheong Province) and Jeollabuk-do (North Jeolla Province). Based on the data gathered, it was found that these women have navigated gendered cultural expectations in the Korean household, thus reproducing gendered norms within the traditional Korean family and playing a significant role in keeping the family intact. However, there are also instances where these gendered expectations were subverted within these families. This study would like to interrogate whether these women are able to re-imagine a different kind of “womanhood” away from traditional family norms, thus challenging existing models of how marriage migrants are expected to perform in the context of what I call “performative multiculturalism” in ethnonationalist states such as South Korea and Japan.

Social acceptance of nuclear power has become a decisive factor in framing a sustainable energy policy. This study examines social acceptance for cancelling the construction of planned nuclear power plants (NPPs) and replacing them with other energy sources. The contingent valuation method (CVM) and cost–benefit analysis (CBA) are used to access the social acceptance and financial feasibility of such projects. Empirical analysis is based on the case of South Korea, where a similar policy is in progress under the new government. The CVM results show that a Korean household was willing to pay an additional KRW 1922.45/month (USD 1.80/month) for replacing seven 1-Gigawatt NPPs with other energy sources, which is about 3.5% of a household’s current electricity bill. The CBA suggests that the annual costs of replacing this amount of nuclear power capacity with renewables or liquefied natural gas is KRW 1291.40 billion (USD 1.21 billion) or KRW 1180.38 billion (USD 1.11 billion) larger than its benefits, which amounts to about 3% of total annual electricity generation costs in South Korea. As the additional costs of nuclear power replacement cannot be fully covered by the mean willingness-to-pay of the current acceptance level, moderate levels of social resistance are expected if all the additional costs are passed on to the end-users.

Understanding the house dust mites (HDMs) microbiome is crucial due to its potential effects on the development of allergic diseases. In 1998, our laboratory collected Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus from beds in a Korean household and began cultivating these HDMs. Our laboratory has been actively investigating several topics about HDMs in recent years, including the bacterial and fungal microbiome and their interactions, as well as the impact of the HDM microbiome on airway inflammation. To study the D. farinae microbiome, we employed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA amplicons. The results revealed that the two most abundant bacteria were Enterococcus faecalis and Bartonella spp. In contrast, we found almost no bacteria in D. pteronyssinus. By inoculating bacteria to HDMs, we found that D. farinae is more susceptible to bacteria than D. pteronyssinus. This susceptibility was associated with the presence of certain fungal species in D. pteronyssinus. Additionally, we have recently made efforts to produce HDMs with reduced levels of symbiotic bacteria. We believe that standardizing and controlling the microbiome in HDMs are crucial steps for the future development and improvement of allergic immunotherapies.

In this paper, we tried to make an overview of the basic characteristics of systemic functional linguistics that are applied in critical discourse analysis. In addition to the context, without which there can be no valid analysis in any field, we have specifically reflected on the system of metafunctions contained in language and the ways in which they occur in linguistic structures. The connection between systemic functional linguistics and critical discourse analysis is natural because both disciplines rest on the same foundations – they examine language in relation to its performative purpose.