Abstract
This article analyzes the share of Lithuanian women in political decision-making. The article discusses the importance of gender balance in politics, the relevance of the topic, the stereotypes of women politicians prevailing in the society and analyzes the situation of Lithuanian politicians in the general context of the European Union states. This study focuses on the change in the proportion of women in the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania during the last three terms of office (2008–2019 period) and the change in the share of women in Lithuanian municipal councils (period 2011–2019). The survey is based on data from the Lithuanian Central Electoral Commission, the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania and the European Institute for Gender Equality. One of the objectives of the European Union is the balance of gender equality in political power. Lithuania‘s situation on this issue in the European Union is rather moderate. In most of the areas of political decision-making that are important to the state, Lithuania is behind the EU average. Although progress in gender equality is generally observed in Europe, there are no more noticeable changes in Lithuania or improvement in the situation - women remain a critical mass (30 % below the threshold) among the heads of state, parliament and municipal councils. Keywords: gender inequality, women‘s political power, European Union, women in Lithuanian political institutions, women in local government.
Highlights
This study focuses on the change in the proportion of women in the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania during the last three terms of office (2008–2019 period) and the change in the share of women in Lithuanian municipal councils (period 2011–2019)
Progress in gender equality is generally observed in Europe, there are no more noticeable changes in Lithuania or improvement in the situation - women remain a critical mass (30 % below the threshold) among the heads of state, parliament and municipal councils
Summary
Moterų ir vyrų lygybė yra viena iš esminių Europos Sąjungos vertybių. Siekiant įgyvendinti „Europa 2020“ strategijoje numatytus tikslus, lyčių lygybei Europos politinėse diskusijose skiriama itin daug dėmesio. Vertinant bendrą lyčių lygybės indeksą, surinko [56,8] balo iš 100 (ES vidurkis – 66,2) ir užėmė 19 vietą iš 28 ES valstybių. Aukščiausias Lietuvoje lyčių lygybės rodiklis yra sveikatos srityje (79,1 balas, ES vidurkis – 87,4). Geriausia padėtis yra Švedijos Riksdage – čia moterų dalis siekia [47,3] proc. Kuriose yra ir lyderių moterų, prasčiausia situacija yra Slovėnijoje (moterys lyderės sudaro [12,5] proc.), Nyderlanduose (14,3 proc.) ir Suomijoje (16,7 proc.), geriausia – Austrijoje ir Jungtinėje Karalystėje (šiose valstybėse moterys vadovauja pusei visų partijų) bei Vokietijoje ir Portugalijoje (moterų lyderių dalis siekia 40 proc.) (Major political parties, 2019). Moterų dalis tarp vietos savivaldos tarybų narių ir merų vidutiniškai ES valstybėse siekia [32,1] proc. Didžiausia moterų dalis vietos savivaldoje yra Švedijoje (43 proc.), Suomijoje (39,1 proc.), Prancūzijoje (38,7 proc.), Ispanijoje (35,6 proc.)
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