Abstract
Mosquito-borne infections are a constant problem in Vietnam, and mosquito vector control is a primary approach to control these infections. Essential oils represent environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides for mosquito control. The essential oils of two weedy species in Vietnam, Erechtites hieraciifolius and E. valerianifolius, have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The essential oils have been screened for mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. The essential oil from the aerial parts of E. hieraciifolius was rich in α-pinene (14.5%), limonene (21.4%), and caryophyllene oxide (15.1%), while E. valerianifolius essential oil was dominated by myrcene (47.8%) and α-pinene (30.2%). Both essential oils showed good larvicidal activity against Ae. albopictus (24-h LC50 10.5 and 5.8 μg/mL, respectively) and Ae. aegypti (24-h LC50 10.6 and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively). The essential oil of E. valerianifolius also showed good activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae (24-h LC50 = 40.7 μg/mL). Thus, Erechtites essential oils may serve as low-cost vector control agents for mosquito-borne infections.
Highlights
Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of arboviral infections, including yellow fever, dengue, Zika, and chikungunya [1,2,3]
Each of the Erechtites essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using a Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 Ultra operated in the electron impact (EI) mode, scan range = 40–400 atomic mass units, scan rate = 3.0 scans/s, and GC–MS solution software
The chemical compositions of the essential oil of E. hieraciifolius and E. valerianifolius are presented in Tables 1 and 2, respectively
Summary
Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of arboviral infections, including yellow fever, dengue, Zika, and chikungunya [1,2,3]. Chikungunya is expected to become a major health threat in Vietnam in the near future [4,5]. Vector control is one of the primary approaches to reduce the spread of arboviral infections. Current methods for controlling Aedes mosquitoes have been largely ineffective [6]. Botanical insecticides in general [7,8] and essential oils in particular [9,10] have emerged as promising, environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides for mosquito control
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