Morphological variability and temporal patterning in Rurutuan domestic architecture: Rectangular and oval-ended stone structures of the Austral Islands

Banks require guarantees as a benchmark for lending and alternative payments when there is a bottleneck in credit payments. This research aims to determine the market value of residential property in the form of a house which is used as a basis for guaranteeing debt in the Malang City area. The market value is obtained with a market approach using a market data comparison method and a cost approach with a market data comparison method to find land market values ​​and the depreciated replacement cost method to find building market values. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The data used was a medium-sized residential house as the object of valuation and three comparative data in the form of residential houses that have the same characteristics to find the market value of residential houses using the market approach. While in the cost approach, three comparative data of vacant land were used to find the land market value. This valuation resulted in a market value of IDR 3,009,000,000 which was obtained from the reconciliation of market values ​​in the market approach of IDR 3,175,529,000 and the cost approach of IDR 2,758,384,000. The liquidation value is set at 70% of the market value, which is IDR 2,106,000,000.

Recent perceived reductions in the economic accessibility of housing has prompted the need to find more suitable and affordable housing types. These reductions have had the greatest effect on low income earners and first home buyers. This thesis proposes an increase in housing density as a means for the supply of economic housing that is also more appropriate for today’s diverse marketplace.To develop solutions for declining housing affordability, it is firstly necessary to analyse the existing stock of the marketplace. Part 1, therefore, divides the housing industry into three economic components: affordability, the consumers, and the product.This analysis identifies where the real areas of reduced affordability occur. In fact, affordability not only relates to purchasing power and interest rates (although these are important) but also to household makeup and diversity of housing choice. Despite a reduction in average household size and increased diversity of household types, these changes are not being reflected in the housing stock available. In contrast, house sizes are increasing and diversity of choice is extremely limited. These findings, and the documented problem of continual urban expansion, led to the proposition that an increased density of housing can help fill a vacant market niche.Part 2 examines ways of improving housing suitability through urban consolidation and increased density. Firstly, a description of the existing medium density housing types in Brisbane is undertaken. These examples are then analysed both qualitatively and economically and problems are identified.A range of case studies follows that highlights some positive aspects worth considering when proposing new forms of housing. Finally, proposals for a revised approach to Brisbane’s housing are reached. It is proposed that the solution to declining housing affordability lies in a range of urban renewal methods designed with diverse households in mind.These solutions would include consolidation of the existing housing stock, infilling by developing vacant or under-utilised land, and recycling and conversion of other use buildings in conjunction with today’s more prevalent approaches of redevelopment. By increasing the density of existing urban and suburban areas, appropriate economic dwellings can be provided. The failure of present medium density alternatives suggests that changes to council regulations should be encouraged to permit more diverse and suitable building types.

This part is basically analyzed on an official house area book at 1691 (IHESHITATAMBU-ARATAMECHO at GENROKU 4th). The contents are followings, 1. Of an official house area book at 1691 2. House area (IHESHITA) and house site (YASHIKI) 3. House composition (KAOKU-KOSEI) 4. House size (KAOKU-KIBO) 5. House size, house area, house composition and house site on a social hierarchy 6. Restored houses and IHESHITA-CHO houses 7. Summary

In urban economics, tenants are commonly assumed to substitute between accessibility and housing size and the substitution would become inelastic when the size is small. It explains how the poor survive in city centres. However, limited empirical study on this hypothesis is conducted because minimum housing size is commonly regulated in formal housing. Informal housing, in which the living area is not regulated, offers an opportunity for researchers to examine this hypothesis. Yet, differences between the two markets render them non-comparable. This paper contributes by conducting empirical tests on size elasticity on rent by studying Hong Kong’s sub-divided units (SDUs), which are mostly informally subdivided in housing flats, and the effect of proximity to public transportation on size elasticity of housing. The results suggest that size elasticity on smaller-sized housing rent is lower. Size elasticity of SDUs (with one-fourth of the average whole flat size) is about half of the whole flats. We further found that SDU tenants have to pay more for the same size increase when they live closer to the metro station. Compared with whole flat households, they are less willing to pay more for larger floor area.

This research examined the barriers and challenges within the housing system for delivering housing supply that is more diverse in terms of size and built form; tenure; development model; and affordability level.

The Market for Residential Architecture: 19th Century Row Houses in Boston′s South End

Housing Policy and Regeneration

<p>Fault scarps are steps in the landscape created by surface-rupturing faults. Study of their morphology can supply paleoseismic information, such as the timing and size of past events, but the form of a single fault scarp can show great variability along the length of the scarp, complicating its interpretation. We developed a methodology to quantify this variability: scarp-normal profiles are extracted from point clouds, their shape is automatically classified using a supervised learning algorithm, and these classification results are used to calculate the morphologic variability metric, a measure of the frequency and degree of change in profile form along strike.</p><p>Using point clouds derived from structure-from-motion photogrammetry, we computed the morphologic variability along thirteen jointed-bedrock fault scarps from four field sites, located in southwestern Iceland, northern and central California, and southeastern Hawai’i. Quantifiable characteristics such as climate, vegetation, lithology, fault throw, and fracture spacing change either internally along a single scarp or between these four sites.</p><p>In an individual scarp, we make pairwise comparisons between measurements of a characteristic and the morphologic variability: a strong correlation between the two indicates that this characteristic is an important driver of scarp form. For example, in the young Icelandic scarps, scarp throw is correlated with morphologic variability, suggesting that the initial slip distribution along a fault contributes to the variability in the profile forms of younger scarps. We also compute the fracture intensity and orientation along the scarps and hypothesize that increased fracture spacing leads to decreased morphologic variability.</p><p>To understand variation between sites, we make pairwise comparisons between the average values of morphologic variability of the scarps and site-specific characteristics. For example, maximum scarp throw is negatively correlated with average morphologic variability, suggesting that scarp profile form evolves towards a common morphology as scarps mature.</p><p>We show that the morphologic variability metric is a useful tool to understand the agents responsible for changes in scarp form, an essential step in accurately interpreting any paleoseismic information that might be present. Morphologic variability is a metric that can be determined for any other type of linear landform (e.g. coastal bluffs or cross-channel profiles) and our approach of linking morphologic variability to process is applicable to a wide array of geomorphic questions.</p>

Climate policy and inequality in urban areas: Beyond incomes

The stability of the surrounding rock of large underground water-diversion projects is a critical safety concern. The water intake pumping station of a water-transfer project in Guizhou Province adopts the form of semi-underground pump house. The plane size of the main pump house is 93.5 × 40.0 m, and the maximum excavation depth is nearly 85 m, making it a large underground cavern. The project site is in a karst area with a complex geological environment, and multiple faults cross the main pump house. As a result, the groundwater seepage field affects the stability of the surrounding rock after the reservoir is impounded. We used the connotative composite element method to simulate faults, and numerical simulations to analyze the stability of the surrounding rock during multi-stage excavations. The results demonstrate that the effects of the faults and seepage are significant, the influence of complex geologic faults on the stability of surrounding rock is reflected effectively by using the connotative fault element method, and using shotcrete bolt support and optimizing construction can make caverns under complex conditions safer.

Trade-off relationship between public transportation accessibility and household economy: Analysis of subway access values by housing size

The intention of this paper is to provide a comparative parametric approach that to analyze informal housing patterns and to develop alternative housing paradigms by designing new formal housing patterns in Istanbul. This paper focuses on parameters which are effective in the formation of “informal housing settlements” considering the formal housing production alternatives. Observation, actual sources and parametric evaluation was used. This study aims to make comparison between organic informal housing structure and formal housing structure in Maltepe/ Istanbul housing settlement and analyse their physical and spatial patterns by using parametric evaluation approach.

In his famous study of the Berber house the late Pierre Bourdieu underlined the symbolic significance of domestic spatial patterns. A simple rectangular form on a plan, the Berber house is divided into two parts, a division that becomes the basis for an elaborate system of binary oppositions of male versus female. The aim of this paper is to test this hypothesis coupled with the space syntax method on a Berber house sample from the M'zab in Algeria and to set the discussion within the social logic of built space. Space syntax analysis seeks to identify the structuring of space and the apparent correlation between spatial patterns and the system of social relations within houses. The preliminary findings identify two genotypes centred on key domestic female spaces. The results also show that the spaces that are defined as such are well integrated and not segregated as expected. The preliminary findings show that the M'zabite house is trans-spatially organized and space is structured in the image of the relations between male and female solidarities, which appears to be the dominant force shaping space. These results suggest that the idea, which many researchers adopt when describing the spatial sphere of the female inhabitants of the Muslim/Berber house, as secluded and segregated, needs to be re-defined. The results also show that the exterior zone is always segregated from the domestic life, which confirms the social code in such a culture. With regard to zone gender, and space; the study suggests that the spatial pattern of house expresses the cultural and social events of the users, regardless of house form and size of the space. Concerning the spatial interface between visitors and inhabitants the study provides further understanding of the M'zabite domestic environment in terms of the interface between visitors and inhabitants. In actual terms, the interface is between male visitors and family domains.

Book Review| June 01 2021 Review: Detached America: Building Houses in Postwar Suburbia James A. Jacobs Detached America: Building Houses in Postwar Suburbia Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2015, 272 pp., 61 b/w illus. $45 (cloth), ISBN 9780813937618 Elaine Brown Stiles Elaine Brown Stiles Roger Williams University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (2021) 80 (2): 228–230. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2021.80.2.228 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Elaine Brown Stiles; Review: Detached America: Building Houses in Postwar Suburbia. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 June 2021; 80 (2): 228–230. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2021.80.2.228 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search If you search the Internet for an image of “the suburbs,” inevitably a certain kind of view will flood your screen: dozens of aerial photographs that position the viewer far above curvilinear streets with regularly spaced houses set on postage-stamp lots. These familiar images suggest that suburbs are places best understood as large-scale planned units to be examined from afar. In Detached America, James A. Jacobs rightly and productively brings us back down to earth with his probe into the design and marketing of postwar suburban tract houses. In the literature addressing the impact of suburbanization on the American domestic landscape, few studies have singled out the tract house itself as an object worthy of study. Fewer still have seriously considered the design and spatial evolution of houses as a form of evidence of cultural or social change. Jacobs takes up these important avenues of inquiry, tracking shifts in... You do not currently have access to this content.

<p>The development of the Betang house of the Dayak tribe in Central Kalimantan from a long house model inhabited by several families into a private house with a much changed shape and spatial pattern. Factors that cause changes that occur in general, include: changes in residents' needs; Changes in local customs and traditions, with the loss of gathering habits such as traditional feasts and tiwah rituals; and changes in the form of building elements, both in form and in the materials used. Changes in the form of houses and spatial patterns that occur are caused by changes in the functions and demands of residents as well as cultural acculturation. There needs to be conservation efforts as a tangible form of conservation in this Betang house to preserve the shape of the Betang house as before.</p>