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Abstract
The ragged robin (Lychnis flos-cuculi L.) from the Caryophyllaceae family contains flavonoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, and ecdysteroids, making it potential for biological and medicinal application. Plant cell culture technologies could be beneficial for obtaining low-cost biomass sources with valuable phytochemicals sustainably. The current study reports the induction and proliferation of ragged robin cell culture and evaluation of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) impact on the secondary metabolites profile using UPLC-HRMS/MS. Callus was initiated from different explants on the Murashige and Skoog medium with various combinations and concentrations of PGRs. It was found that prolonged proliferation on MS medium enriched with a combination of 1.0 mg l− 1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.1 mg l− 1 N6-furfuryl adenine (Kinetin) yields the maximum biomass with 504.05% growth index. The results of flow cytometric analysis suggested no genetic alteration between differentiated and dedifferentiated cultures. Furthermore, the UPLC-HRMS/MS result distinguished 101 significant signals that were manually identified as ecdysteroids (16 metabolites), flavonoids (11 metabolites), phenolic acids (10 metabolites), triterpene saponins and sapogenins (53 metabolites), and some primary metabolites. Our study demonstrates that the cell culture of L. flos-cuculi displays significant differences in its phytochemical makeup to plants cultivated in vitro. Moreover, the type of growth regulators used for callus cultures was identified to cause substantial shifts in the identified metabolites.Graphical
Highlights
Key message The untargeted metabolomic analysis showed the varied phytochemical makeup of ragged robin cell cultures grown in supplementation with different plant growth hormones
Callus formation from the ragged robin was initiated by placing fragments of hypocotyl, cotyledon and root isolated from in vitro-derived seedlings based on the micropropagation protocol established by Maliński et al (2019)
A high induction rate of callus formation from hypocotyl and cotyledons is observed in other species, such as Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. and Glycine wightii (Wight & Arn.) Verdc., and Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert demonstrated a high induction rate (Silva et al 2003; Yu et al 2020; Bedir et al 2022)
Summary
Key message The untargeted metabolomic analysis showed the varied phytochemical makeup of ragged robin cell cultures grown in supplementation with different plant growth hormones. Scientific studies on the species reported the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities from the extract of ragged robin (Mamadalieva et al 2008; Costea et al 2017). This species commonly inhabits Poland’s lowland and lower mountain regions as part of Molinia meadows, a grassland habitat on calcareous, peaty and nutrient-poor soils. Previous studies on bioactive compounds occurring in L. flos-cuculi indicated the presence of phytoecdysteroids, the complex of triterpenoid saponins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids (Bucharow et al 1974; Báthori et al 2001; Maliński et al 2014, 2019, 2021b). Studies on the isolation and identification of flavonoid compounds in L. flos-cuculi indicate the presence of flavonoid C-glycosides and their aglycones. This study aims to perform morphological, cytogenetic, and phytochemical estimation of L. flos-cuculi cell biomass, which, to our knowledge, has yet to be reported. This study provides valuable insights into the application of cell cultures for high-value compound production
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