Abstract
In this paper, we report the results of modulating the processing conditions (mainly, temperature) of a two-step method consisting of sputtering deposition of a Ni catalytic layer and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a three-dimensional (3D)-structured Cu mesh to control the morphology of CNTs for advanced Li-ion battery (LIB) applications. We disclosed that CNT growth at a low temperature (700 °C) produced small-diameter CNTs (CNT_S) with an average diameter of ∼20 nm, while that at a high temperature (750 °C) produced large-diameter CNTs (CNT_L) with an average diameter of 200–300 nm. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and Raman analyses manifested poorly crystalline CNTs for both samples. CNT_S showed a specific capacity of 476 mAh g−1, which is ∼176% superior to that of CNT_L (271 mAh g−1) and ∼128% higher than the theoretical capacity of the state-of-the-art graphites and recently reported nanostructured carbon-based anode materials.
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