Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil compaction levels on initial development of safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius). The experimental design was 2 × 2 × 6, composed of two sowing seasons (May and June 2017), two genotypes (IMA-2103 and IMA-4409) and six levels of soil density (1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 g cm-3), with three replicates. After 30 days of planting, percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, mean time of emergence and mean speed of emergence were analyzed. Among the morphological characteristics, plant height, stem diameter, root length, shoot and root fresh mass, shoot dry mass and number of healthy and wilted leaves were evaluated. The compaction states did not significantly interfere in the emergence of the safflower seedlings that were sown in the uncompacted surface layer. As soil compaction increased, root length, shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass and root fresh mass were reduced in both genotypes. Soil density considered critical to safflower root growth was 1.3 g cm-3. The IMA-4409 genotype, in relation to IMA-2103, was more tolerant to soil compaction levels.
Highlights
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is one of the most important oilseeds in the world (Sharifi, Namvar, & Sharifi, 2017)
In the examination the analysis of variance regarding the emergence of the plants (Table 3), the emergency speed index and the mean time of emergence showed an interaction between planting season, genotype, and density
The speed indices were relatively low compared to the study of Venturoso et al (2015), who found that the transmission of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on safflower and some energy crops, with 7.0 d-1 for the safflower emergence speed index (ESI) without inoculation and 1.9 d-1 for the inoculated crop
Summary
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is one of the most important oilseeds in the world (Sharifi, Namvar, & Sharifi, 2017). It belongs to the Asteraceae family and is an annual herbaceous diploid (2n = 24) crop that adapts to hot and dry climates, with the ability to survive on minimal surface moisture (Liu et al, 2016). The plant produces edible oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and has a high oil content of about 44% (Ambreen et al, 2015). In Brazil, safflower can be developed in several regions of the country, since harvesting practices can be mechanized and do not need require specific machines for its cultivation, which becomes a relevant factor for its success (Martins et al, 2017)
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