Abstract
A study on some morphological characteristics and the set and levels of phenolic compounds was performed for the first time on Spiraea hypericifolia L. (Rosaceae Juss.) growing under natural conditions in the Novosibirsk region (four sites). Two phenotypic varieties of S. hypericifolia were identified. Twenty-three phenolic compounds were found in aqueous-ethanol extracts from S. hypericifolia leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chlorogenic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and p-coumaric acids and quercetin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, avicularin, rutin, and astragalin were identified among them. Hyperoside (6.7–20.5 mg/g) is the main phenolic compound in S. hypericifolia leaves. Flavonoid aglycones were prepared from the leaves by hydrochloric-acid hydrolysis of the aqueous-ethanol extracts (1:1). Three flavonol aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) were identified in the extract hydrolysates from S. hypericifolia leaves by chromatographic analysis. Quercetin glycosides proved to be predominant phenolic compounds in all the extract hydrolysates. A comparative analysis was performed on the levels of phenolic compounds in leaves among S. hypericifolia from the different sites and between the two varieties of S. hypericifolia. It was revealed that an increase in plant size by approximately twofold correlates with a decrease in concentrations of the identified flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in S. hypericifolia leaves.
Highlights
Spiraea hypericifolia L. (Rosaceae Juss.) is a shrub 50–80 cm tall with oblong-elliptical smooth-edged leaves
The following flavonoids have been found in the organs of S. hypericifolia: flavans ((+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin-7-O-α-Lrhamnopyranoside, and (+)-catechin-7-β-D-xylopyranoside) [3,4], flavones [5], and flavonols [2]
The aims of the present study were a comparative analysis of morphological characteristics as well as qualitative and quantitative assays of phenolic compounds (PCs) in the leaves of S. hypericifolia growing under natural conditions in Novosibirsk Oblast
Summary
Spiraea hypericifolia L. (Rosaceae Juss.) is a shrub 50–80 cm tall with oblong-elliptical smooth-edged leaves. 5–8 mm in diameter, are combined into numerous few-flowered sessile umbrellas. This plant grows in the steppe zone and the steppe belt of mountains, namely, in steppes, in steppe meadows, and on rocky slopes. As far as we know, there are no comparative morphological and biochemical studies on S. hypericifolia. This species is of interest in terms of the research on the set and levels of phenolic compounds (PCs). A fungicidal activity of the phenolic acids isolated from S. hypericifolia leaves has been documented [2]. An aqueous-ethanol extract from this plant shows the highest antiviral activity among representatives of the Spiraea genus of Asian Russia [8].
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