Abstract

目的 研究煤工尘肺小叶间隔线在高分辨率CT(HRCT)上的基本形态和病理基础.方法28例有煤尘接触史的尸解全肺标本,固定、干燥,进行冠状面HRCT扫描.选取HRCT上线样影丰富的肺标本薄片进行冠状面大切片(50~150 μm)和组织学切片(5~8 μm)制作.分析比较小叶间隔线在HRCT上的形态.结果28例肺标本中HRCT扫描发现23例有不同类型的小叶间隔线.以规则型小叶间隔线为主10例,无尘肺9例、Ⅰ期1例;以不规则型小叶间隔线为主10例,无尘肺2例、Ⅰ期2例、Ⅱ期6例;破坏型小叶间隔3例,Ⅱ期2例、Ⅲ期1例.规则型与不规则型(q=4.3831,P=0.0024)、规则型与破坏型小叶间隔线(q=5.4715,P=0.0006)在不同期别煤工尘肺中的差异有统计学意义.组织病理学上规则型小叶间隔线主要表现为小叶间隔水肿(10/10)、小叶间隔内炎性渗出(8/10)和局限于小叶间隔内的纤维化(9/10);不规则型小叶间隔线主要表现为小叶间隔内及邻近小叶实质煤尘沉积(13/16)和纤维化突破小叶间隔(15/16);差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P值均<0.05).破坏型小叶间隔线是由于纤维融合块、肺气肿等造成小叶间隔线移位和破坏.结论规则型、不规则型和破坏型小叶间隔线并存于各期煤工尘肺和煤尘接触者中,其代表的是不同程度的纤维化和不同量的煤尘沉积。

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