Abstract
This study evaluated, by morphologic and morphometric analyses, the cleaning of apical third of root canals instrumented with nickel-titanium rotary files using different irrigating solutions. Twenty-seven single-rooted mandibular premolars were assigned to three groups (n=9), according to the irrigating solution used: Group I, distilled and deionized water; Group II, 1% NaOCl; and Group III, 3.3% Ricinus communis detergent. Biomechanical preparation was performed with Protaper Plusâ nickel-titanium files as follows: S1, SX and S2 at the cervical and middle thirds, and 25/02, 25/04, 25/06, 30/02, 30/04 and 30/06 to complete the instrumentation, operating at 1 mm from the root apex. Irrigation was done at each file change with 2 mL of irrigating solution, totalizing 20 mL for each tooth. After biomechanical preparation, the apical thirds were serially sectioned and histologically processed. The cross-sections were examined by an optical microscope (X40) connected to a computer. The images were captured and analyzed using a computer software and submitted to morphometric analysis with aid of a grid. The percentage of debris remaining at the apical third was calculated. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey test. The results showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.01) between the groups irrigated with 1% NaOCl and 3.3% Ricinus communis detergent, which presented the lowest percentage of debris at the apical third, 8.49% and 10.11%, respectively. The group irrigated with distilled and deionized water had the highest percentage of debris (15.58%) and was statistically different from the other groups (p<0.01). It may be concluded that 3.3% Ricinus communis detergent and 1% NaOCl had similar cleaning effectiveness on removal of debris from root canals.
Highlights
Cleaning of root canal system during biomechanical preparation aims to eliminate irritating agents, such as bacteria and their byproducts, degenerated pulp tissue and contaminated dentin[22]
The purpose of this study was to investigate, by morphologic and morphometric analyses, the cleaning of root canals instrumented with nickel-titanium rotary system using 3.3% Ricinus communis detergent and 1% sodium hypochlorite as irrigating solutions
Pulp chamber access was performed according to the guidelines recommended by De Deus[7] (1992) under irrigation with distilled water to avoid that dentin chips and other debris were taken into the root canal inadvertently
Summary
Cleaning of root canal system during biomechanical preparation aims to eliminate irritating agents, such as bacteria and their byproducts, degenerated pulp tissue and contaminated dentin[22]. This process occurs by the mechanical action the endodontic instruments on the root canal walls associated with the chemical properties of irrigating solutions and physical action of the flushing/ aspirating process. Sodium hypochlorite is still the most used root canal irrigant, studies have searched for alternative solutions and therapeutic resources that may improve the success rate of endodontic treatment
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