Abstract
The development of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) community forests needs to be supported by high-quality seed procurement, both physical, physiological, and genetic quality. Physically it can be done by morphological analysis in the form of length, diameter, and weight of seeds. Meanwhile, to determine the physiological quality, one of which is by observing germination. This research aimed to identify the morphology of seeds and germination of nutmeg (M. fragrans Houtt.) from different seed sources in the development of nutmeg community forests in Bacan, South Halmahera. The results showed that the morphology of nutmeg seeds in the shape, color, and skin surface variables at the three locations (Amasing, Papaloang, and Babang) obtained the same results, namely oval, brownish-black and shiny. Whereas in seed length, nutmeg from Papaloang has a longer seed size than seeds from Amasing and Babang. In the germination parameter values, seeds from Papaloang were found to have the highest value, namely the percentage of germination (K = 35%), peak value (PV = 0.56), average daily germination (MDG = 0.56), germination value (NK = 0.31 ).
Highlights
The development of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) community forests needs to be supported by high-quality seed procurement, both physical, physiological, and genetic quality
It can be done by morphological analysis in the form of length, diameter, and weight of seeds
To determine the physiological quality, one of which is by observing germination
Summary
Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor penting karena ±75% kebutuhan pala dunia dipasok dari Indonesia. Menurut Kementerian Pertanian (2016), Provinsi Maluku Utara merupakan provinsi penghasil pala kedua di Indonesia, dan sebesar 6,60% berasal dari Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan. Perbanyakan tanaman pala dapat dilakukan secara generatif maupun vegetatif. Dalam upaya peremajaan tanaman pala dibutuhkan benih bermutu dari varietas unggul dalam jumlah yang banyak, mengingat perbanyakan tanaman pala masih menggunakan biji (generatif). Pengembangan hutan rakyat perlu ditunjang dengan penyediaan benih (seed procurement) yang bermutu tinggi, baik kualitas fisik, fisiologi maupun genetik (Yulianti et al 2011). Asal-usul sumber benih merupakan salah satu penentu kualitas benih yang diharapkan mampu menghasilkan bibit yang berkualitas pula. Informasi tentang kualitas sumber benih di hutan rakyat saat ini masih kurang. Oleh karena itu benih yang akan digunakan sebagai materi pertanaman harus dapat dipastikan berasal dari sumber benih yang berkualitas dan sesuai untuk lokasi dimana tanaman tersebut akan dikembangkan (Kementerian Kehutanan 2014). Sedangkan untuk mengetahui mutu fisiologisnya, salah satunya adalah dengan pengamatan perkecambahan
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