More Adaptive Educational Supervision: A Study of Principle Variance

Technological developments in the field of education pose challenges for teachers and school leaders. Rapid adaptation to change and increased professionalism and commitment are the keys to the success of education. Digital academic supervision emerged as a solution to overcome the weaknesses of conventional supervisors, that are often time-controlled and effective. This article aims to study the implementation of the use of digital technology in education supervision as well as identify opportunities and challenges. The study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to examine the implementation of digital technology in the supervision of education by analyzing 12 articles published between 2020-2023. The results show that digital supervisors can facilitate supervisory implementation and effectively improve teacher competence. The challenges faced by digital supervision include limited internet access, minimal technology mastery by senior teachers, and the need for adequate support. Implementation of digital academic supervision is an important step towards improving the professionalism of teachers and the quality of education as a whole, on the condition of adequate training, improved access to technology, and support from all stakeholders.

The use of new digital technologies have become an imperative for oil & gas companies seeking to improve the way they do business. In this paper, a framework is presented for the strategic use of digital technologies for new field development projects. The benefits of introducing the right technology at the right time is identified across the life of field. There are six areas during field development where a digital strategy must be executed: subsurface analysis & modeling, drilling & completions, production operations, reliability & maintenance, procurement & supply chain management, and general business operations. A case-study based approach is used based on large projects executed in recent the past where digital technologies were planned and included during early field development. The paper identifies the areas and points during field development to include different digital technologies where the business impact is maximum and capital and operational expenditure is minimum. This was done by identifying technologies across two areas: (a) technologies to enable the execution of the mega-project; and (b) technologies that form part of the facilities for operations during life of field. It was found to be optimum to link the digital strategy during the engineering and design stages, and during the issue of contracts for commissioning facilities. This allowed the field to build a digital ecosystem which will help them prepare for a digital future by enabling readiness for advancements in the areas of analytics, global mobility, and automation. Oil and gas companies obtain a chance to gain competitive advantage through digital infrastructure and software applications when applied at the right time during field development.

The role of marketing in modern organizations has undergone significant development, evolving from just a promotional or sales function to a key driver in creating, delivering, and maintaining value along the organization's value chain. However, most previous research has focused on increasing sales or partial customer satisfaction, while studies linking marketing functions to overall value chain mechanisms, particularly in the healthcare sector, remain limited. This research aims to fill this gap by conducting a systematic review of the literature that discusses marketing involvement in every stage of the value creation process, starting from product planning, procurement, production, distribution, to post-sales interaction. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the PRISMA protocol. A total of 19 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed, revealing that marketing plays a strategic role as a link between customer needs and internal organizational capabilities. It strengthens coordination between departments and increases competitive advantage through innovation and the use of digital technology. The study's findings emphasize the importance of marketing functions in fostering value creation throughout the value chain. The implications of this research confirm the need for comprehensive integration of marketing into value chain management strategies, especially within the healthcare sector. This approach is crucial to strengthening customer journeys, enhancing service delivery, and building long-term, trust-based relationships with customers, thus improving organizational performance and sustainability

Harnessing Digital Technology for Contextual Learning of Local Social Issues: A Systematic Literature Review. Objectives: This study explores the use of digital technologies in enhancing contextual learning, focusing on their role in addressing local social issues. The research aims to synthesize current literature to identify trends, technological tools, pedagogical frameworks, challenges, and provide recommendations for optimizing the integration of educational technologies in locally relevant learning environments. Methods: Firstly, to use a systematic literature review (SLR) of 27 peer-reviewed studies from the Scopus database, published between 2016 and 2025. Secondly, by following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the evaluation identifies trends in digital technologies, such as Virtual Reality (VR), mobile learning platforms, and geolocation tools, across various educational contexts. The review assessed the pedagogical approaches and the challenges faced in utilizing these technologies and their social impact. Results: The results highlight a growing use of digital technologies to address local social issues, with significant applications in environmental sustainability, cultural preservation, and healthcare. At the same time, the review reveals a direct relationship between challenges such as gaps in digital infrastructure, limited digital literacy, and the ineffective use of technology in education. These barriers hinder the full potential of digital tools, despite their effectiveness in place-based learning. The study emphasizes that their contextual relevance and cultural sensitivity heavily influence the effectiveness of digital tools. Conclusion: Digital technologies can significantly enhance contextual learning and engage students in solving local social issues. However, future research should focus on bridging the digital divide, creating culturally relevant tools, and promoting co-design processes with local communities, educators, and policymakers to maximize potential. Collaborative efforts should prioritize sustainable and adaptive digital learning solutions that are contextually grounded and technologically accessible. Keywords: digital technologies, contextual learning, educational technology, social issues, digital literacy.

Aim/Purpose: This study develops and empirically tests an integrated model to explain teachers’ adoption of Eduverse (Metaverse education) technologies in higher education. Drawing from TAM, UTAUT, TPACK, Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), and Organizational Support Theory (OST), the study incorporates technological, pedagogical, individual, and institutional dimensions. Background: Research on teachers’ use of digital technologies has focused on m-learning, e-learning, AR/VR, LMS, and social media, but these insights may not fully apply to the Metaverse due to differences in context, pedagogy, and user factors. Thus, studying instructors’ willingness to teach in Metaverse classrooms is a distinct and important research area. Methodology: This quantitative study examined factors influencing Jordanian university teachers’ adoption of Eduverse using a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected via an online questionnaire from 426 valid responses across five universities. Convenience sampling was applied, and sample adequacy was confirmed through G*Power analysis. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 4.0, following a two-stage process: assessing measurement model reliability/validity and testing structural model relationships. This method was chosen for its suitability in handling complex, non-normal data within the M-TPACK framework. Contribution: This study extends the TPACK framework into the Metaverse, introducing M-TPACK to capture the unique interplay of technology, pedagogy, and content in immersive learning. Drawing on SCT, it highlights the role of teacher self-efficacy, while OST emphasizes top management support and institutional facilitation, moderated by digital organizational culture. By integrating TAM, UTAUT, TPACK, SCT, and OST, the study proposes a multidimensional framework addressing individual, pedagogical, and institutional factors, identifying key success drivers for higher education Metaverse (Eduverse) adoption. Findings: The results from a survey of 426 Jordanian university teachers indicate that top management support and facilitating conditions have a significant effect on M-TPACK, demonstrating top management’s role and institutional readiness in enhancing metaverse-related teaching skills. M-TPACK positively impacts teachers’ self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, and ease of use of Eduverse technologies, highlighting how integrated skills boost confidence and value. Self-efficacy significantly predicts both perceived usefulness and adoption intention, indicating that competence-building initiatives can increase adoption rates. Perceived usefulness and ease of use both directly affect teachers’ intention to adopt Eduverse, confirming core assumptions of TAM. Additionally, digital organizational culture significantly moderates the effects of perceived usefulness and ease of use on adoption intention, highlighting the importance of innovation-friendly institutional norms. Recommendations for Practitioners: The study highlights that strong top management commitment and supportive conditions are essential for developing MTPACK and integrating Metaverse (Eduverse) technologies in higher education. Universities should align leadership strategies with resource allocation, recognition programs, collaboration initiatives, and robust technical and pedagogical support systems. A phased, holistic approach combining infrastructure, training, peer mentoring, and discipline-specific resources can enhance faculty self-efficacy, ease of use, and perceived usefulness of Eduverse. By balancing technical sophistication with usability and embedding evaluation frameworks, institutions can foster sustainable adoption of Metaverse-based teaching to improve teaching quality and student learning outcomes. Recommendation for Researchers: This study develops a multi-theoretical framework to explain the adoption of Eduverse by higher education teachers. It introduces M-TPACK, an extension of the traditional TPACK model, tailored for immersive learning environments. Findings show that M-TPACK strongly predicts adoption, highlighting its greater importance in 3D virtual teaching than in conventional digital contexts. The study underscores M-TPACK as a key factor driving adoption in complex metaverse-based education. Impact on Society: This study is one of the first to examine the adoption of Eduverse in the Middle East. It offers strategic insights on promoting immersive learning through leadership, training, and supportive cultures, while also laying the groundwork for future Metaverse research in higher education. Future Research: This study provides valuable insights into Eduverse adoption in higher education, but it also has limitations. Its focus on Jordanian universities limits generalizability, and the cross-sectional design restricts temporal understanding. Future research should include cross-country comparisons, longitudinal tracking, and additional psychological and contextual factors. Mixed-method approaches combining quantitative and qualitative insights are also recommended.

The present article is based on a qualitative evaluation of the use of digital technology in a remote secondary school in the Scottish Highlands. The attitudes of teachers and pupils to the use of digital technology and the underlying tensions between formal and informal educational practices are central concerns addressed in this paper. The project was for one-year and designed to facilitate the embedding of digital technology across the curriculum. Some of the benefits of participating in the project, according to the pupils, included an improvement in their ability to work successfully with others, independently from the teacher, and the development of their skills in creating moving images in both curricular and extra-curricular activities. Most participating teachers commented that they had improved their own ICT skills. In conclusion, some complex issues are raised in connection with schools in isolated communities.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly shaping the landscape of Human Resource Management (HRM), particularly in advancing environmentally sustainable practices under the umbrella of Green HRM. As digitalisation accelerates and environmental pressures intensify, the strategic use of AI in HRM has become a topic of growing scholarly interest. However, existing research remains fragmented, especially regarding how AI is operationalised in Green HR initiatives, what themes emerge, and which contextual factors influence its adoption. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to synthesise current academic discourse and examine the contribution of AI to Green HRM. Specifically, it addresses three research questions: (1) How is AI being applied in Green HRM practices? (2) What are the main themes and patterns emerging from the literature on AI and Green HRM? (3) What contextual factors influence the integration of AI into Green HRM initiatives? Guided by the PICo framework, the review focuses on Green HR practices (Problem), AI applications (Interest), and organisational environments (Context). A comprehensive database search was conducted across Scopus, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, SpringerLink, Emerald Insight, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA 2020 methodology was employed to ensure rigour in identification, screening, and inclusion. A total of 172 peer-reviewed journal articles (2019–2025) were reviewed. Findings reveal key themes, including AI-driven green recruitment, digital learning systems, ethical concerns, leadership influence, and implementation barriers such as infrastructure and institutional readiness. This SLR offers valuable insights to inform future academic inquiry and guide practitioners and policymakers in embedding AI within sustainable HRM strategies.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) serve as a vital pillar in fostering inclusive and sustainable economic development across nations. Despite their significant contributions, MSMEs continue to face persistent challenges, including limited access to resources, bureaucratic constraints, and low innovation capacity. This study aims to identify key determinants enhancing MSME competitiveness in the digital era, focusing on entrepreneurial characteristics, public policy interventions, and the strategic use of digital technologies and social networks. This study employs an exploratory literature review approach to identify and examine key determinants that influence the competitiveness of MSMEs. The analysis focuses on several core dimensions: entrepreneurial characteristics, public policy interventions, and the strategic use of digital technologies and social networks. The findings highlight that adaptive strategic orientation, policy responsiveness to market dynamics, and the strengthening of cross-sector collaboration are critical drivers in enhancing MSME performance. Entrepreneurial traits like education, experience, and openness to innovation significantly influence competitiveness, while government support through regulatory simplification and digital infrastructure is essential. Additionally, leveraging social media and community networks enhances market access and resilience. These insights offer practical implications for stakeholders—particularly entrepreneurs and policymakers—in formulating more effective interventions to reinforce the role of MSMEs within the national economic framework.

Introduction:Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) is an individual's belief in the ability to carry out entrepreneurial tasks. ESE is important to form students who not only master knowledge but also can apply it in innovation and entrepreneurship. However, the development of ESE in the context of Biology education is still a challenge and requires an understanding of the right strategy.Methods:This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by examining 22 articles selected from the Scopus database based on strict inclusion criteria. The focus of the analysis is the definition of ESE in Biology learning and students' ESE development strategies.Results:ESE in Biology learning is defined as the student's belief in applying biological knowledge in creating innovation and business opportunities. Effective ESE development strategies include project-based learning, the use of digital technologies such as e-learning and simulation, strengthening social support through mentoring, and developing creativity and leadership. The main challenges are the lack of practical experience and the lack of optimal integration of entrepreneurship in the curriculum.Conclusions:Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) in Biology learning is the belief of students to apply biological science in creating innovations and business opportunities. ESE development can be done through project-based learning, the use of digital technology, as well as social support and mentoring.

Research into the use of digital technology for weight loss maintenance (intentionally losing at least 10% of initial body weight and actively maintaining it) is limited. The aim of this article was to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the use of digital technologies for communicating on weight loss maintenance to determine its' effectiveness, and identify gaps and areas for further research. A systematic literature review was conducted by searching electronic databases to locate publications dated between 2006 and February 2018. Criteria were applied, and RCTs using digital technologies for weight loss maintenance were selected. Seven RCTs were selected from a total of 6541 hits after de-duplication and criteria applied. Three trials used text messaging, one used e-mail, one used a web-based system and two compared such a system with face-to-face contact. From the seven RCTs, one included children (n = 141) and reported no difference in BMI Standard Deviation between groups. From the seven trials, four reported that technology is effective for significantly aiding weight loss maintenance compared with control (no contact) or face-to face-contact in the short term (between 3 and 24 months). It was concluded that digital technologies have the potential to be effective communication tools for significantly aiding weight loss maintenance, especially in the short term (from 3 to 24 months). Further research is required into the long-term effectiveness of contemporary technologies.

The era of the industrial revolution 4.0 has brought about changes in social interaction. Initially, particular communication has changed to become universal. Therefore, education readiness is needed in Indonesia to welcome it, especially in matters of religiosity. The purpose of this study is to develop students' religious attitudes in schools in the face of the industrial revolution. The object of this study is the attitude of the religiosity of high school students in Jakarta. The scope of this research is the culture of the school, the character of students, and the religious practice of high school students in Jakarta. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with literature research and field visits to several schools in Jakarta. The finding of this study is the attitude of students' religiosity in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 has shown an encouraging thing, it just needs to be developed following the rapid information technology. The use of digital technology needs to be improved but still in the guidance and supervision of teachers in schools.

The era of the industrial revolution 4.0 has brought about changes in social interaction. Initially, particular communication has changed to become universal. Therefore, education readiness is needed in Indonesia to welcome it, especially in matters of religiosity. The purpose of this study is to develop students' religious attitudes in schools in the face of the industrial revolution. The object of this study is the attitude of the religiosity of high school students in Jakarta. The scope of this research is the culture of the school, the character of students, and the religious practice of high school students in Jakarta. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with literature research and field visits to several schools in Jakarta. The finding of this study is the attitude of students' religiosity in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 has shown an encouraging thing, it just needs to be developed following the rapid information technology. The use of digital technology needs to be improved but still in the guidance and supervision of teachers in schools.

Digital Transformation Readiness in Higher Education Institutions (HEI): The Case of Kosovo

Instructional supervision refers to the effort to develop teachers individually or in groups so that the teaching and learning process can be carried out optimally to achieve the teaching objectives. The model of instructional supervision by school instructional leaders was carried out using the face-to-face observation method, however, this method of supervision has changed to a virtual form due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This urgent shift in teaching and learning methods at home poses various problems, especially the skills of teachers to use the medium of technology in the teaching process, as well as students and parents. This is because teachers and students have implemented the teaching and learning process online to prevent the occurrence of Covid-19 infection which is working and studying from home. Therefore, this study aimed to identify: 1) the role that instructional leaders need to play; 2) instructional supervision strategies implemented, and 3) the challenges faced in implementing instructional supervision in the Covid-19 pandemic era. Guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes) research highlighting method, the review highlights were systematically conducted in the Scopus and Google Scholar databases involving 15 related articles from 2019 to 2021. The findings of the study have identified the role played by school instructional leaders has changed from observation for evaluation purposes to forms of support and assistance in various aspects of improving the ability of instructional leaders, teachers, students, and communities by using various electronic mediums to communicate and the teaching and learning process, can be continued. Some suggestions for the improvement of this study are from the aspect of article search using more databases and various search strategies such as reference tracking, reference search, snowball, and contacting experts.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) transformation in primary and secondary health care systems in regions presents significant potential for enhancing efficiency, accessibility, and quality of services. This study examines the strategic transformation of artificial intelligence (AI) in primary and secondary health care systems in various regions through a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses organizational values, health human resources, and regional health policies and systems. A systematic literature review method, guided by the PRISMA approach and thematic-inductive analysis, is employed to assess the impact of AI on institutional readiness, health worker capacity, and policy formulation from the district/city to provincial levels. Literature from 2018 to 2024 is analyzed using VOSviewer software to visualize the relationships between concepts and develop an integrative conceptual framework. The study’s results indicate that effective AI transformation requires strategic leadership, organizational digital maturity, and a roadmap aligned with the institution’s vision. In primary care (Puskesmas), AI contributes to improved early detection, supports clinical decisions, and automates administrative services. In secondary care (RSUD), AI facilitates medical imaging diagnosis, optimizes referral systems, and manages chronic diseases. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited digital infrastructure, a shortage of skilled human resources, and institutional resistance pose significant obstacles. Successful adoption necessitates leadership capable of managing change, fostering cross-sector collaboration, and formulating contextual policies. Regarding human resources, digital literacy and technology acceptance are crucial factors. Structured training tailored to local needs, ongoing education, and digital competency certification are essential for cultivating adaptive human resources. Meanwhile, policy interventions should ensure the provision of infrastructure, data interoperability, and sustainable financing schemes, including public-private partnerships. AI is more than just a technological tool; it serves as a strategic lever to create more equitable, efficient, and data-driven health services at the local level. A holistic and adaptive approach is essential for the success of this transformation