Abstract
BackgroundInteraction between immune system and Chandipura virus (CHPV) during different stages of its life cycle remain poorly understood. The exact route of virus entry into the blood and CNS invasion has not been clearly defined. The present study was undertaken to assess the population in PBMC that supports the growth of virus and to detect active virus replication in PBMC as well as its subsets.MethodsPBMC subsets viz.: CD3+, CD14+, CD19+, CD56+cells were separated and infected with CHPV. The infected cells were then assessed for transcription (N gene primer) and replication (NP gene primer) of CHPV by PCR. The supernatant collected from infected cells were titrated in Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) cells to assess virus release. The cytokine and chemokine expression was quantified by flow cytometry.ResultsAmplification of N and NP gene was detected in CD14+ (monocyte) and CD19+ (B cell), significant increase in virus titre was also observed in these subsets. It was observed that, although the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were elevated in CD14+ cells as compared to CD19+cells, the differences were not significant. However the levels of TNFα and IL-8 were significantly elevated in CD14+ cells than in CD19+cells. The levels of chemokine (CXCL9, CCL5, CCL2, CXCL10) were significantly elevated in CHPV infected PBMC as compared to uninfected cells. CCL2 and CXCL9 were significantly increased in CHPV infected CD14+cells as compared to CD19+ cells.ConclusionCD14+and CD19+cells support active replication of CHPV. High viral load was detected in CD14+ cells infected with CHPV hence it might be the primary target cells for active replication of CHPV. An elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines observed in CD14+ cells may help in predicting the pathogenecity of CHPV and possible entry into the central nervous system.
Highlights
Interaction between immune system and Chandipura virus (CHPV) during different stages of its life cycle remain poorly understood
peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) support active replication of CHPV RNA During CHPV life cycle, N gene is the earliest gene transcribed after viral entry
In order to investigate whether PBMC supports the active CHPV replication, PBMC from the nine healthy donors were infected with CHPV at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) (MOI = 1, 2 and 5)
Summary
Interaction between immune system and Chandipura virus (CHPV) during different stages of its life cycle remain poorly understood. The infected cells were assessed for transcription (N gene primer) and replication (NP gene primer) of CHPV by PCR. The levels of chemokine (CXCL9, CCL5, CCL2, CXCL10) were significantly elevated in CHPV infected PBMC as compared to uninfected cells. High viral load was detected in CD14+ cells infected with CHPV it might be the primary target cells for active replication of CHPV. An elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines observed in CD14+ cells may help in predicting the pathogenecity of CHPV and possible entry into the central nervous system. The RNA genome is tightly encapsidated by the viral N protein to form helical ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) This encapsidated genome serves as template for both replication and transcription.
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