Abstract
Medical interventions increasingly rely on biosensors that can provide reliable quantitative information. A longstanding bottleneck in realizing this, is various non-idealities that generate offsets and variable responses across sensors. Current mitigation strategies involve the calibration of sensors, performed in software or via auxiliary compensation circuitry thus constraining real-time operation and integration efforts. Here, we show that bio-functionalized metal-oxide memristors can be utilized for directly transducing biomarker concentration levels to discrete memory states. The introduced chemical state-variable is found to be dependent on the devices’ initial resistance, with its response to chemical stimuli being more pronounced for higher resistive states. We leverage this attribute along with memristors’ inherent state programmability for calibrating a biosensing array to render a homogeneous response across all cells. Finally, we demonstrate the application of this technology in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen in clinically relevant levels (ng/ml), paving the way towards applications in large multi-panel assays.
Highlights
Medical interventions increasingly rely on biosensors that can provide reliable quantitative information
Devices based on a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) architecture (Fig. 1a), are fabricated on a Silicon/Silicon dioxide (Si/SiO2) substrate, are functionalized with receptor molecules, antibodies specific to Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) (Methods section), and exposed to the target PSA (Fig. 2a)
Morphological analysis data obtained using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) before (Fig. 1b) and upon bio-functionalization (Fig. 2b) qualitatively reveal the presence of the biological substances on the surface of the memristor, that results in an increase of the surface features recorded as well as in the formation of some agglomerating patterns, due to coalesced biological molecules, that are depicted in the form of high peak wrinkles (Fig. 2b)
Summary
Medical interventions increasingly rely on biosensors that can provide reliable quantitative information. Implementing the highest concentration of PSA, the RS level shows a total increase from the initial value of 51.4% for the operating regimes D1–3 (I) and of 13.4% for the D4–6 (II) respectively.
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