Abstract
In this work, a smart solar still prototype for water desalination is designed. It consists of a basic solar still, a solar preheater and a remote monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technique. The monitoring system is developed and integrated into the hybrid solar still in order to control its evolution online, as well the quality of the freshwater provided by checking measured parameters such as pH. Thanks to the IoT technique, parameters collected by the monitoring system (e.g., air temperatures, relative humidity, etc.) are uploaded to the cloud for online remote monitoring. The users are notified by an SMS about the status of the system (e.g., water level in the basin, water in the tank, etc.), using an GSM module. The whole system, including the preheater, water pump, valve, sensors and an electronic board, is powered by a photovoltaic module of 75 Wp. The results showed that by adding a solar preheater system, the evaporation process is accelerated and, consequently, the daily yield is improved and reaches the value of 12.165 L/m2/day. The saline concentration of the tested ground water is 3.9 g/Kg (0.39%), and, after desalination, the salinity is 0.1 g/Kg (0.01%).
Highlights
IntroductionThere are many regions of vast extent that have numerous favorable features but whose progress is mainly inhibited by a lack of freshwater [1]
In [2], the authors improved the performance of solar still desalination via the hydrophobic condensation surface using cold plasma technology, and the calculations showed that the produced freshwater using a plasma coating increased by 25.7% compared to the uncoated system
A basic solar still that was fabricated with inner dimensions of 1 m × 1 m and the glass cover was tilted at 25◦ with respect to the horizontal; A solar heater for preheating water, which was designed with an area of 1 m2 × 10 cm formed by copper tubes, as shown in the following diagram; A monitoring system used for data acquisition and parameter control using the Internet of Things (IoT)
Summary
There are many regions of vast extent that have numerous favorable features but whose progress is mainly inhibited by a lack of freshwater [1]. This is the case in arid and semi-arid areas, where large-scale (LS) development has already occurred—for example, in parts of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Different types of basins have been employed and shown in [4]. The difference between types of basins is due to the nature of the materials used, the geometric form, the type of transparent cover and the means of providing and driving output water. By minimizing the heat losses, the daily distilled water increases, which is due to the lower boiling point of saline water inside the solar still under vacuum conditions
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