Abstract
This work presents an investigation to determine ground deformation based on an integration of DInSAR Time-Series (DTS) and Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) techniques aiming at detecting high rates of linear and non-linear ground movement. The combined techniques were applied in an open pit iron mine located in Carajás Mineral Province (Brazilian Amazon region), using a set of 33 TerraSAR-X-1 images acquired from March 2012 to April 2013 when, due to a different deformation behavior during the dry and wet seasons in the Amazon region, a non-linear deformation was detected. The DTS analysis was performed on a stack of multi-look unwrapped interferograms using an extension of the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), where a set of additional weighted constraints on the acceleration of the displacement was incorporated to control the smoothness of the time-series solutions, whose objective was to correct the atmospheric phase artifacts. The height errors and the deformation history provided by the DTS technique were used as previous information to perform the PSI analysis. This procedure improved the capability of the PSI technique to detect non-linear movement as well as to increase the numbers of point density of the final results. The results of the combined techniques are presented and compared with total station/prisms and ground-based radar (GBR) measurements.
Highlights
The use of standard Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) technique for monitoring surface deformation has been applied since the early 1990s [1,2,3,4,5]
We propose using a priori knowledge of some phase components to improve the performance of the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) analysis
The results of the PSI processing, using previous information about phase displacement model and DEM error derived from the DInSAR Time-Series (DTS), were able to detect areas with high non-linear ground deformation rates, as shown in Figures 7 and 8
Summary
The use of standard Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) technique for monitoring surface deformation has been applied since the early 1990s [1,2,3,4,5]. Rock mass movements and surface deformations potentially lead to slope instabilities or wall failures due to regular open pit mining operations. The PSI processing technique involves the temporal phase-unwrapping process, which is a very important stage to accurately determine ground movement. Limitations in this process can be found especially for detection of high movement rates. We used a combination of DTS and PSI techniques aiming to detect high rates of linear and non-linear ground movement, based on high-resolution TerraSAR-X data acquired at relatively short 11-day intervals. The proposed methodology was used to monitor ground movement in an open pit iron mine, the N5W, located in the Carajás. The results and potentials are discussed for an operational monitoring which aims at mining planning and risk assessments
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