Abstract
An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to compare the amount of extra-matrical hyphae of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus versiforme (Karst) Berch colonizing seedlings of White Cedar, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl., with different root densities in three soil mixes. Restriction (binding) of the root mass with nylon screening decreased root density and also decreased the density of VAM hyphae detected per root length or per soil volume. Top growth of transplanted seedlings was not affected by root restriction. More VAM fungal external hyphae, determined by IFA and the sand aggregation method, formed in river sand than in silt loam with similar percentages of intraradical VAM colonization. More soil aggregates formed in silt loam than in sand regardless of the presence of VAM fungal hyphae. Depending on experimental design, the aggregation method for estimating VAM external hyphae may be limited to use in sandy soil. IFA reacted specifically with G. versiforme hyphae in mineral soil or sand, but was ineffective in peat soil due to nonspecific staining and autofluorescence of organic matter.
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