Monitoring and clinical characteristics of obstetric and gynaecological pathol-ogy in rabbits of the Californian breed in the conditions of private of the pop-ulation of Dnipropetrovsk oblast

Background. Obesity is a metabolic disease that is spreading around the world, with one in four people in Ukraine suffering from obesity. Today, the prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age in developed countries reaches 55–60%, while in Ukraine it is 15–27%. The usefulness of measuring both visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue has been proven in relation to metabolic risk factors and heredity, but there are currently insufficient studies in pregnant women and gynecological patients. Purpose – is to determine the diagnostic role of ultrasound examination of abdominal and visceral adipose tissue in pregnant women and gynaecological patients with metabolic disorders and obesity for the prediction of severe obstetric and gynaecological complications and the development of effective treatment and prevention measures. Materials and Methods. We examined 105 women who were treated at the Regional Clinical Hospital, a municipal non-profit enterprise of the Kharkiv Regional Council, with various obstetric and gynecological pathologies, 85 of whom had signs of metabolic syndrome or obesity (main group). The control group consisted of 20 women of normal weight without signs of obesity. The women in the main group were divided into three groups: the first group consisted of 42 women with gynecological pathology (20 women with endometrial hyperplasia, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and 22 women with ovarian cysts and cysts); the second group consisted of 32 pregnant women with obstetric pathology (20 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 12 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia); the third group included 11 women who had undergone bariatric surgery to treat obesity. All women underwent clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examinations, and the degree of obesity was determined. The thickness of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) layers was measured using a TOSHIBA (CANON) Xario 200 ultrasound system (Japan), C1-5 D convection probe. The study belongs to the category «description of a series of cases» – a type of research recognized by evidence-based medicine and does not claim statistical significance of the results. Results. The control parameters of BP, WHR, and their ratio were determined, and their peculiarities in obesity, metabolic syndrome, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, ovarian tumors, and endometrial hyperplasia were revealed. The necessity of surgical treatment (bariatric surgery) has been proved in case of ineffectiveness of conservative therapy in women with obesity of the third degree (BMI over 40 kg/m2). Conclusions. Ultrasound examination of abdominal and visceral adipose tissue in pregnant and gynecological patients with metabolic disorders and obesity is an effective, fast, and cost-effective method that allows to determine the features and predict the further development of certain pathological conditions and can be used in a wide range of obstetric and gynecological practice.

Lesions most commonly found in the canine and feline uteri fall primarily into two categories: (i) abnormalities of endometrial growth and repair and (ii) uterine infections with associated endometritis. Neoplastic conditions of the tubular genitalia of the bitch, with the possible exception of leiomyomas (tumours that arise from smooth muscle cells), are uncommon. Congenital lesions involving the uterus are relatively rare. The primary object of this paper is to provide a summary of the most common uterine lesions found in the canine and feline uterus using a series of images that underscore the most prominent and important gross diagnostic features of each.

Reproductive system diseases are common in guinea pigs, but cases presenting with the coexistence of ovarian cysts and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) are poorly documented. This case describes a two-year-old female with abdominal tenderness and an ultrasonographic diagnosis of bilateral ovarian cysts and CEH, structured accordingly to the CARE guidelines. An ovariohysterectomy was performed via a ventral midline approach under multimodal anaesthesia and analgesia. Histopathological examination confirmed rete ovarii cysts and cystic endometrial hyperplasia. The postoperative course was uneventful, with complete recovery achieved within 21 days. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report, structured accordingly to the CARE guidelines, to provide complete clinical aspects, diagnostic testing (including imaging), treatment, and final confirmation of the diagnosis of both lesions in the same patient. Abdominal ultrasonography proved to be an essential tool for the simultaneous diagnosis of ovarian and uterine abnormalities in guinea pigs. Surgical management combined with multimodal anaesthesia ensured safe outcomes and satisfactory recovery. This case report also highlights the importance and value of structuring veterinary case reports according to the CARE guidelines, thereby improving the quality, transparency, and reproducibility of clinical reporting in exotic animal medicine.

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the imaging appearance of the spectrum of gynecologic pathology that may be visualized by multidetector computed tomography (CT). Although ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging remain the primary imaging modalities for evaluating female patients with suspected obstetric and gynecologic pathology, CT is frequently performed as the initial imaging modality in the evaluation of abdominal and pelvic pain of unknown etiology. Pelvic pain in women due to a gynecologic condition may also mimic numerous other conditions such as appendicitis and diverticulitis, resulting in initial evaluation by CT-particularly in the emergency setting. The radiologist should, therefore, be familiar with the spectrum of gynecologic and obstetric pathology that may be present on a CT evaluation of the abdomen and pelvis regardless of the study indication, particularly because CT is often the most readily available imaging modality in the emergency setting on a 24/7 basis.

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia, pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia, and other cystic conditions of the canine and feline uterus

Uterine blood flow evaluation in bitches suffering from cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and CEH-pyometra complex

CYSTIC ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA AND BACTERIAL ENDOMETRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INTRAUTERINE FOREIGN BODY IN A GUINEA PIG WITH OVARIAN CYSTIC DISEASE

In view of the phenomenal current advances in all aspects of our profession, there is always a need for another book in obstetric and gynecologic pathology. This small book, attractively bound, is an attempt at filling this need. I find myself troubled, however, mainly for two reasons. First, it is not clear which direction the author wanted his book to go. I could have made peace with it if he had entitled it "A Compendium of Surgical Pathology in Gynecologic and Obstetric Disease," because that is what it really is, a tome of the clinical and pathological aspects of various disease processes in our specialty of obstetrics and gynecology, including occasional recommendations for management. Second, and of greater importance, the value of a book that deals with pathology to any extent is really only as good as its illustrations, which should be graphically clear representations of the text. That means

The sixth edition of Novak's classic book has been changed materially from the 1952 edition. Despite the fact that the senior author died Feb. 3, 1957, and had been in ill health prior to this time, he was able to contribute generously to this edition. In the future this book will be written by his son and Dr. Donald Woodruff. A new chapter has been added, on gynecologic and obstetric exfoliating cytopathology. This material is clearly presented and fulfills a real need. The chapter on implantation and placentation has been completely rewritten and brought up to date in light of recent medical advances. Other chapters have been modified, and many of the older illustrations have been replaced by newer illustrations. These changes have kept this book up to date. This textbook has always been considered as the standard reference book of obstetrical and gynecological pathology. The material is presented in

Gynecologic and Obstetric Pathology: A Review of Emerging Concepts and Relevant Topics

It is established that the physiological course of the gestational process occurs with the intensification of coagulation processes in the hemostasis system with thrombophilia, which has a two–phase nature – from the first month of pregnancy to the seventh and in the period of 2–3 days to calving with a peak of hypercoagulation by 2–5 that day after birth. The activation of hemostasis components is correlated with a high level of natural anticoagulant protein C and increased fibrinolysis activity through tissue plasminogen activator, which is controlled by a high level of its type I inhibitor. The main hemostasiological criteria are the levels: in phase I – fibrinogen 4,9–6,1 g/l, soluble fibrin about 0,04 g/l, activated partial thromboplastin time 38,1–39,7 s, functionally inactive forms prothrombin 0,88 ± 0,2 mg/ml in the first month of pregnancy; in phase II – fibrinogen 5,1–7,0 g/l, soluble fibrin about 0,01 g/l, functionally inactive forms of prothrombin 0,17 ± 0,05 mg/ml and protein C 72,0 ± 1,4 % after childbirth. In obstetric and gynecological pathology, the hypercoagulable state is aggravated to consumption coagulopathy, which is reflected in high plasma levels of soluble fibrin – 0,064 ± 0,005 g/l, fibrin / fibrinogen cleavage products – 7,5 ± 0,4 μg/ml, functionally inactive forms of prothrombi. – 1,90 ± 0,34 mg/ml and inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator type I – 45,8 ± 0,9 IU/ml at the lowest level of tissue plasminogen activator – 0,38 ± 0,08 IU/ml (according to the norms 1,1–1,3 IU/ml) and protein C deficiency – <70%. Hypercoagulation in pregnant cows with purulent– necrotic lesions of the extremities is exacerbated by more pronounced hyperfibrinogenemia, an increase in its metabolites by 2,7 times (p<0,05) and a decrease in the activity of F XIII by 1,3 times (p<0,05) and the amount in the blood of proteinase inhibitor α2–M – 1,6 times (p<0,05). At the same time, the hypercoagulation syndrome in cows with obstetric and gynecological pathology due to its comorbidity with orthopedic not only intensifies, which is expressed in an increase in the level of hyperfibrinogenemia by 1,2 times (p<0,05), reduction of general coagulation tests by 1,3–2,1 times (p<0,001) and a decrease in the activity of FXIII in 1,2–1,3 (p<0,05), but is complicated by a decrease in the antiproteinase potential of the blood in 1,6–1,8 times. Key words: cows, pregnancy, obstetric, gynecological pathology, purulent-necrotic lesions in the area of fingers, hemostasiological indicators.

Pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH) and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) are both hyperplastic conditions that may occur in the canine uterus during diestrus. CEH can impair fertility, and, although the consequences of PEH are poorly known, this condition is significantly associated with pyometra. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of both PEH and CEH in female dogs according to age, size, breed, and breed group. Uteri from 300 female dogs were sampled and processed for histopathologic analyses. Lesions were identified, and frequencies were statistically compared. PEH was significantly more frequent in dogs between 4 and 12 years of age and significantly less frequent in Yorkshires than Shih-tzus, as well as in the breed group that includes Brazilian Terriers and Yorkshires. CEH was significantly more frequent in dogs older than 12 years, but no breed predisposition was observed. The frequency of PEH was significantly higher than that of CEH. The frequency of pyometra in PEH cases was significantly higher than endometritis or uterus without inflammation. This study identified age, breed group, and size as predisposing factors for PEH and further demonstrated the association between this condition and pyometra in dogs.

The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic success of the medical treatment of canine pyometra with the antigestagen aglepristone and to document the recurrence rate in relation to the time interval after treatment with antigestagens. In 48 (92.8%) of the 52 treated bitches, healing could be achieved within the first 3 weeks after the treatment had been started. One bitch died as a result of renal insufficiency; in three bitches there was no emptying of the uterus, so ovariohysterectomy became necessary. In these three patients, ovarian and endometrial cysts were present. Forty-one bitches could be followed up for 3 months. Four animals developed a recurrence (9.8%). In three bitches ovarian cysts and cystic endometrial hyperlasia could be found intra operationem. The development of 37 bitches could be followed for at least 1 year. Seven animals developed a pyometra again (18.9%). Two received a repeated treatment with aglepristone and have been free from recurrence for over 12 months. In 37 animals data on the subsequent sex cycles are available. In 22 bitches next heat started at the expected time, in seven animals heat started too early. In eight bitches the period of anoestrus was prolonged. Five of the six bred bitches delivered at least one litter. The presented data show that treatment of pyometra by aglepristone results in a high healing rate. The recurrence rate can be minimized by the selection of bitches without ovarian cysts and cystic endometrial hyperplasia.

Expression of adropin in the reproductive organs of healthy female dogs and those with cystic endometrial hyperplasia, pyometra, and ovarian cysts.

En el presente estudio retrospectivo se buscó establecer la frecuencia de aparición en perras no preñadas de hallazgos ecográficos compatibles con patologías de útero y ovarios entre los años 2011 y 2017 en el Servicio de Imagenología del Hospital de pequeños animales de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad de la República, Uruguay. A su vez, estos datos fueron relacionados con signos clínicos e información de reseña y anamnesis de las pacientes para poder emitir una aproximación diagnóstica y de esta manera determinar la casuística de las distintas patologías en este período de tiempo y su relación con edad, peso, y estado reproductivo. Se determinó que de 6010 perras que consultaron en el hospital, a 2288 se les realizó ecografía y 299 tuvieron hallazgos compatibles con: piómetra, otras colectas uterinas (mucómetra, hidrómetra, hemómetra), hiperplasia endometrial quística, tumor de útero, patologías de muñón uterino, quiste ovárico/síndrome de ovario remanente o tumor ovárico. La patología que más se registró fue la piómetra con un 52,8%, seguida de quiste ovárico/ovario remanente con un 26,4% e hiperplasia endometrial quística con un 22,4%, luego en menor proporción por colecta uterina con un 16,7% y masa uterina, patologías de muñón uterino y masa ovárica representada con un 2,7% cada una. Asimismo, se estableció una fuerte relación de estas patologías con el estado reproductivo, encontrándose la mayoría de las mismas en perras enteras, se observó que se presentaban con mayor frecuencia en perras de más de 5 años, y no se pudo determinar una asociación con el peso.