Molecular Structure and Electron Affinity of Metal-Solvent Complexes: Insights from Density Functional Theory Simulations

Abstract

A molecular level understanding of the structure and energetics of the monovalent and divalent metal ion complexes is of great importance for development of next-generation batteries. In this contribution, Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations at the ωb97xD/6–31 + G(d,p) level of theory are performed to investigate the interaction of metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+) with 26 organic solvent molecules. The reduction energetics (electron affinity and reduction potential) and structural responses of the solvent molecules and the molecular complexes are discussed. The DFT calculations are carried out to investigate the structure, energetics and electron affinities of chelated complexes of water (H2O), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and di-methoxy ethane (DME) solvent molecules. Additionally, ab initio dynamic simulations (AIMD) at 298 K using atom centered density matrix propagation (ADMP) formalism are performed to understand the spontaneous structure formation upon electron attachment of the metal ion-solvent complexes. The ADMP simulations indicate the decomposition of Mg+−(DME)3 complex via cleavage of C–O bond of one of the three DME molecules indicating irreversible decomposition of DME in the presence of the Mg+ radical. We believe that the data collected as part of this investigation serves as a library of fundamental knowledge towards a deeper understanding of the electrode-electrolyte interfacial reactions.