Molecular structure and conformational preferences of chloro(dimethyldithio)phosphite, ClP(SCH 3) 2, as studied by gas electron diffraction and quantum-chemical calculations

Abstract

Free ClP(SCH 3) 2 molecule has been studied by gas electron diffraction (GED), B3PW91/6-311+G* (DFT) and MP2/6-31+G* calculations. Each conformer is characterised by two dihedral angles τ(CSP lp) where lp denotes the direction of the electron lone pair on the P atom; assumed to coincide with normal to the plane passing through three points lying at the unit distances along each of three P bonds. DFT calculations indicate that the most stable conformer is a gauche+, gauche− ( g+ g−) conformer of C s symmetry characterised by the angles τ a,b=(CSP lp)±51.5°. It is followed by an anti, gauche+ conformer ( ag+) at ΔE=0.16 kJ mol −1, an anti, gauche− conformer ( ag−) at ΔE=1.3 kJ mol −1, a g− g− conformer at ΔE=5.1 kJ mol −1 and an aa conformer at ΔE=13.0 kJ mol −1. Whereas MP2 calculated results revealed that relative energies to be as follows: 3.6, 0.0, 1.5, 6.6, 13.0 kJ mol −1, respectively. That is ag+ conformer is the most stable one. The calculated standard free energies at 298.15 K indicate that the mole fractions in the gas phase at this temperature are (DFT/MP2): χ( g+ g−)=55/36%, χ( ag+)=24/34%, χ( ag−)=12/23% and χ( g− g−)=8/7%. Experimental GED data agree well with ag+ model alone and do not confirm any presence of g+ g− conformer, the presence of up to 10% ag− conformer cannot be completely excluded. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of the wavefunctions suggest that while bond distances and valence angles are determined by anomeric effects, the relative stabilities of the five conformers are not determined by such effects alone. Structure optimisation of F 2PSMe molecule by both theoretical methods indicates that the most stable conformation is anti, while the energy of a gauche conformer is about 6.1/10.5 kJ mol −1 higher. NBO analysis of the wavefunctions indicates that the relative stabilities of the two conformers as well as the differences between bond distances and valence angles may be determined by anomeric effects.