Abstract
Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) causes equine hepatitis. The prevalence of EqPV-H in healthy horses has been reported in the United States, China, Germany, and Austria. The present study determined the prevalence of EqPV-H in the sera of clinically healthy horses in South Korea to identify the potential factors for infection and examine the genetic diversity of EqPV-H DNA sequences through comparison with foreign strains. Serum samples collected from 321 horses were tested for EqPV-H using non-structural protein 1 (NS1)-specific polymerase chain reaction. The associations of EqPV-H infection with sex, age, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase levels, and race performance were analyzed. Fourteen samples tested positive for EqPV-H (4.4%, 14/321), and EqPV-H infection was associated with sex (p = 0.006) and performance (p = 0.049). In both EqPV-H-positive and control horses, liver-specific biochemical analytes were within the normal ranges. Phylogenetic analyses based on the partial sequences of EqPV-H NS1 revealed that the Korean EqPV-H isolates shared approximately 98.7–100% similarity. Of these, 11 Korean isolates shared high similarity with strains from the United States, Germany, and China, and the remaining three strains were distinct in phylogenetic analyses. The present study describes the current molecular prevalence, potential risk factors, and genetic diversity of Korean EqPV-H.
Highlights
Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H; Ungulate copiparvovirus 6) is a single-strandedDNA virus of the genus Copiparvovirus belonging to the family Parvoviridae [1–3]
The present study describes the current molecular prevalence, potential risk factors, and genetic diversity of Korean EqPV-H
A total of 321 serum samples was collected from horses reared on four properties of the Korea Racing Authority (KRA) in four provinces to investigate the prevalence of EqPV-H DNA in clinically healthy horses, mainly thoroughbred racehorses, at the KRA in South Korea
Summary
Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H; Ungulate copiparvovirus 6) is a single-strandedDNA virus of the genus Copiparvovirus belonging to the family Parvoviridae [1–3]. Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H; Ungulate copiparvovirus 6) is a single-stranded. In 2018, Divers et al reported EqPV-H for the first time in a case of Theiler’s disease (i.e., equine serum hepatitis or idiopathic acute hepatic disease) [6] in the United States [1]. Theiler’s disease is the most frequent cause of acute and probably fatal viral equine hepatitis [7–9]. This disease has been linked to EqPV-H infection, with or without the previous administration of equine biological products [10–13]. It mostly occurs 4–10 weeks after the administration of a biological substance of equine origin, including tetanus and botulinum antitoxin or equine serum and plasma [1,6,13–16], with the incidence rate of 1.4–18% [1,6,12]
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