Abstract
The present study consists of a detailed phylogenetic analysis of myxosporeans of the Myxobolus and Henneguya genera, including sequences from 12 Myxobolus/Henneguya species, parasites of South American pimelodids, bryconids and characids. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses, based on 18 S rDNA gene sequences, showed that the strongest evolutionary signal is the phylogenetic affinity of the fish hosts, with clustering mainly occurring according to the order and/or family of the host. Of the 12 South American species studied here, six are newly described infecting fish from the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. Henneguya maculosus n. sp. and Myxobolus flavus n. sp. were found infecting both Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum; Myxobolus aureus n. sp. and Myxobolus pantanalis n. sp. were observed parasitizing Salminus brasiliensis and Myxobolus umidus n. sp. and Myxobolus piraputangae n. sp. were detected infecting Brycon hilarii.
Highlights
The phylum Myxozoa harbors a diverse group of metazoan parasites characterized by multicellular spores, with polar capsules containing an extrusible polar filament [1]
Of the fishes examined in this study, the specimens of P. corruscans and P. reticulatum were infected by H. corruscans, Henneguya multiplasmodialis Adriano et al, 2012 and two undescribed myxosporeans, one Henneguya sp. that infected the gill filaments (Figs. 1A and 2A) and one Myxobolus sp. that infected the gill arch (Figs. 1B and 2B)
The specimens of S. brasiliensis from the Brazilian Pantanal wetland and Mogi Guacu River were infected by Myxobolus macroplasmodialis Molnar et al, 1998, and those taken from the Pantanal wetland were infected with two undescribed Myxobolus spp., one parasitizing the liver (Figs. 1C and 2C) and another infecting the gill filaments (Figs. 1D and 2D)
Summary
The phylum Myxozoa harbors a diverse group of metazoan parasites characterized by multicellular spores, with polar capsules containing an extrusible polar filament [1] Parasites of this phylum have become increasingly important as new species are continually emerging as significant threats to the development of both farmed and natural environment fish [2]. The genera Myxobolus Butschli, 1882, and Henneguya Thelohan, 1892 are the most specious, and harbor species that have an important impact on their fish hosts [1,2,14,15]. These two genera are considered separated groups mainly due the presence of caudal appendages in Henneguya spp. Phylogenetic studies using 18 S rDNA sequence data do not support a phylogenetic separation between Henneguya and Myxobolus [17,18,19]
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