Abstract
The molecular orientation and order in the initial growth of copper phthalocyanine on Si(111) was investigated in situ by angular-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy. A transition from lying-down to standing-up configuration occurs in less than one monolayer. After the Si surface is passivated by a monolayer of the molecules, only the standing-up structure persists in subsequent growth. The molecular film also exhibits an order−disorder−order transition in the distribution of molecular tilt angle during growth. These transitions are related to the changes of interactions in the system at different stages.
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