Abstract
Enhancing seed oil content with desirable fatty acid composition is one of the most important objectives of groundnut breeding programs globally. Genomics-assisted breeding facilitates combining multiple traits faster, however, requires linked markers. In this context, we have developed two different F2 mapping populations, one for oil content (OC-population, ICGV 07368 × ICGV 06420) and another for fatty acid composition (FA-population, ICGV 06420 × SunOleic 95R). These two populations were phenotyped for respective traits and genotyped using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) and DArTseq genotyping platforms. Two genetic maps were developed with 854 (OC-population) and 1,435 (FA-population) marker loci with total map distance of 3,526 and 1,869 cM, respectively. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using genotyping and phenotyping data identified eight QTLs for oil content including two major QTLs, qOc-A10 and qOc-A02, with 22.11 and 10.37% phenotypic variance explained (PVE), respectively. For seven different fatty acids, a total of 21 QTLs with 7.6–78.6% PVE were identified and 20 of these QTLs were of major effect. Two mutant alleles, ahFAD2B and ahFAD2A, also had 18.44 and 10.78% PVE for palmitic acid, in addition to oleic (33.8 and 17.4% PVE) and linoleic (41.0 and 19.5% PVE) acids. Furthermore, four QTL clusters harboring more than three QTLs for fatty acids were identified on the three LGs. The QTLs identified in this study could be further dissected for candidate gene discovery and development of diagnostic markers for breeding improved groundnut varieties with high oil content and desirable oil quality.
Highlights
Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the important oilseed crops in the world
The present study reports the development of two dense genetic maps and their use in identifying the Quantitative trait locus (QTL) for oil content and fatty acids in groundnut
This study successfully developed dense genetic maps and identified genomic regions and linked markers for oil content and fatty acids
Summary
Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the important oilseed crops in the world. It is grown in more than 100 countries with a global production of 42.4 Mt from an area of 25.7 Mha (FAO, 2014). Groundnut seeds contain edible oil (40–56%), protein (20–30%), carbohydrate. Groundnuts are majorly used in food industries for making peanut butter and confectionary and direct consumption as boiled, salted, and roasted nuts (Pandey et al, 2012; Varshney et al, 2013). It is estimated that 1% increase in the seed oil content increases the groundnut processer’s benefit by 7% (see Liao, 2003), indicating greater impact of oil content trait for farmers and traders
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