Abstract
A review of the literature devoted to the analysis of conditions and development of the female reproductive gland. From the moment of the formation of urogenital scallops to the formation of a full gonad, at the different stages of ontogeny, a huge number of genes, factors and proteins are expressed, since in them the primary sex cells and in their surroundings render folliculogenesis and determine the reproductive health of a woman. Aberrant production of these factors can be the cause of ovarian dysfunction and disorders. Different points of view on the emergence of the problem of migration and colonization of germ cells in female gonads, as well as directions for further fundamental and practical research. The development and differentiation of the follicle is a succession of events that are tightly regulated by endocrine factors, intraocular regulators and intercellular interactions. The initial migration of germ cells and their multiplication within the urogenital scallop require regulation using integrated signals such as growth factors, transcription and differentiation, secreted oocytes, transforming growth factors, growth factor and differentiation-9, bone morphogenetic proteins, stem cell factor, basic growth factor of fibroblasts, tumor factor of Williams transcription, gene steroidogenesis, antimulylerovy hormone, meiosis-regulating genes and many others, as well as a contact these interactions of germ cells with extracellular matrix proteins and cellular substrates attract the developing gonads. Recent studies indicate the possibility of obtaining human gametes from the culture of stem cells, a distinct molecular genetic mechanism of the origin, migration and colonization of the sex cells. Consequently, the understanding that all the subtleties and molecular mechanisms at each stage of the bookmarking and development of the ovaries, germ cells and their environment, the death of gametes, can help in finding regulators and preventing pathological follicular depletion.
Highlights
A review of the literature devoted to the analysis of conditions and development
Aberrant production of these factors can be the cause of ovarian dysfunction and disorders
The development and differentiation of the follicle is a succession of events
Summary
После миграции и начала колонизации первичных половых клеток недифференцированных гонад развитие последних зависит от экспрессии факторов, специфичных для соматических клеток урогенитальных гребешков. Совместное действие перечисленных факторов на плюрипотентные клетки эпибласта активирует факторы Smad-1 и Smad-2, а по некоторым источникам Smad-1, -4, -5, -8 [31, 32], являющиеся внутриклеточными сигнальными молекулами для Bmp и, в свою очередь, стимулирующие экспрессию генов, вызывающих дифференцировку и специализацию первичных половых клеток [13, 17, 33]. Можно сказать, что ранние этапы закладки женской гонады и формирования важнейших структур – фолликулов – контролируются множеством различных факторов, гены которых экспрессируются как в самих первичных половых клетках, так и в их окружении. Последние исследования некоторых зарубежных ученых говорят о возможности получения человеческих гамет из культуры стволовых клеток, зная молекулярно-генетические механизмы возникновения, миграции и колонизации половых клеток, что не всегда оправдано с точки зрения морально-этических последствий
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